Global asymptotics of the second Painlevé equation in Okamoto's space (Q485288): Difference between revisions

The authors study the asymptotic behaviour of all solutions of the \(P\,II\) and \(P\,34\) equations as the independent variable goes to infinity and the parameter \(\alpha\) is fixed and bounded. In particular, embedding their Boutroux forms \[ \ddot{u}=2 u^3 + u + \frac{2 \alpha}{3 z} - \dot{u}\,\frac{1}{z} + \frac{u}{ 9 z^2} \] for \(P\,II\) and \[ \ddot{v}=\frac{\dot{v}^2}{2 v} + 2 v^2 - v -\frac{\dot{v}}{z}- \frac{(2 \alpha-1)^2}{18 v\,z^2}+\frac{1}{4 z^2} \] for \(P\,34\) in \(\mathbb P^2(\mathbb C)\) they construct there the resolved Okamoto's space of initial conditions for the above system by the resolutions of the singularities (blow-up at base points). In fact, the authors analyze the second Painlevé system on this construction and prove that the limit set of the solutions is nonempty, compact and connected. This result is a consequence of the remarkable statement (proved by the authors in the present paper) that the solution \((u(z), v(z))\) never reaches the \(z\)-dependent set of lines where the second Painlevé vector field becomes infinite (the infinity set) as \(|z| \rightarrow \infty\), i.e. the infinity set acts as a repeller in Okamoto's space. As a corollary the authors find that every solution \(u(z)\) of \(P\,II\) which does not vanish uniformly at \(z=\infty\) has infinitely many poles.