Equivalence of neighborhoods of embedded compact complex manifolds and higher codimension foliations (Q2125411): Difference between revisions

The authors study the classification of germs of neighborhoods of an embedded compact complex manifold \(C\) in a complex manifold \(M\): Two germs \((M,C)\) and \((\tilde M, C)\) are called holomorphically equivalent if there exists a biholomorphic map \(F\) fixing \(C\) pointwise and sending a neighborhood \(V\) of \(C\) into a neighborhood \(\tilde V\) of \(C\) in \(\tilde M\). If a neighborhood \(V\) of \(C\) in \(M\) has local holomorhphic charts \(\Phi_j\), mapping an open set \(V_j\) into some complex Euclidean space, then classification of the germs of neighborhoods of \(C\) amounts to the classification of the transition functions \(\Phi_{kj} := \Phi_k\Phi_j^{-1}\) under holomorphic conjugacy \(F_k^{-1} \Phi_{kj} F_j\). To the embedding of \(C\) into \(M\), one can associate another natural embedding, namely the embedding of \(C\) as the zero section of the normal bundle \(N_C(M)\) of \(C\) in \(M\). Under a mild assumption, this last embedding \((N_C(M),C)\) naturally serves as a first-order approximation of \((M,C)\). A neighborhood of \(C\) in \(M\) which is equivalent to a neighborhood of the zero section in \(N_C(M)\) is called a ``full linearization'' of the neighborhood. It is well known that there are formal obstructions to linearization, and part of the Grauert formal principle asks for geometric conditions that ensure a holomorphic linearization when the formal obstructions are absent. The main results of the paper prove a linearization of a neighborhood of \( C\) in the absence of formal obstructions under a small divisor conditions in the form of bounds of solutions of cohomology equations involving all symmetric powers of the dual of the normal bundle \(N^\ast_C(M)\) (Theorem 1.4 in the unitary case, Theorem 1.5 in more general cases). This generalizes results by \textit{V. I. Arnol'd}, when \(C\) is an elliptic curve and \(M\) is a surface [Funct. Anal. Appl. 10, 249--259 (1977); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 10, No. 4, 1--12 (1976; Zbl 0346.58003)]. Also \textit{Yu. S. Il'yashenko} and \textit{A. S. Pyartli} [Tr. Semin. Im. I. G. Petrovskogo 5, 85--95 (1979; Zbl 0455.32012)] proved an analogous result for special embeddings of the product flat tori under a strong assumption that \(N_C(M)\) is a direct sum of flat line bundles. The authors also study the existence of a non-singular holomorphic foliation of the germ of neighborhood of \(C\) in a complex manifold having \(C\) as a compact leaf, a so-called ``horizontal foliation''. Corollary 1.3 yields the existence of a ``horizontal foliation'' for \(M\) embedded in a complex manifold \(M\) with splitting \(TM_{\mid C}\) and unitary normal bundle, again under a small divisor condition. Corollary 1.3 is in fact a consequence of a ``vertical linearization'' result in Theorem 1.2 that generalizes result by \textit{T. Ueda} [J. Math. Kyoto Univ. 22, 583--607 (1983; Zbl 0519.32019)], who considered the case of a compact holomorphic curve embedded in a complex surface with a unitary normal bundle; a generalization to higher-codimension under a strong assumption that the normal bundle is a direct sum of unitary line bundles is due to \textit{T. Koike} [Nagoya Math. J. 238, 104--136 (2020; Zbl 1440.32006)]. The proof of Theorem 1.2 follows Ueda's majorization method and uses the (modified) Fischer norm which is invariant under a unitary change of coordinates. Theorem 1.4 is proved using a majorant method while Theorem 1.5 is based on a Newton scheme. The paper also has an interesting appendix that contains \(L^2\) and sup-norm bounds for cohomology equations without refinement of the covering.