Nonlinear Hilbert adjoints: properties and applications to Hankel singular value analysis (Q1849009): Difference between revisions

This article deals with the notion of adjoint operator for nonlinear operators acting between two Hilbert spaces \(E\) and \(F\). If an operator \({\mathcal F}\) acts between \(E\) and \(F\), its adjoint operator \({\mathcal F}^*: F\times E\to E\) is defined by the equation \[ \langle{\mathcal F}, y\rangle_F= \langle u,{\mathcal F}^*(y, u)\rangle_E; \] of course, \({\mathcal F}^*(y, u)\) is linear in \(y\). In the case when the domain of \({\mathcal F}\) is any convex neighborhood of \(0\), \({\mathcal F}0= 0\), and \({\mathcal F}\) is continuously differentiable, the mapping \[ {\mathcal F}^*(y, u)= \int^1_0({\mathcal F}'(tu))^*(y) dt \] is an adjoint of \({\mathcal F}\) on \(F\times U\). Some properties of these adjoints are proved in the article. In particular, the identity \(({\mathcal G}{\mathcal F})^*= {\mathcal F}^*({\mathcal G}^*{\mathcal F})\), formulas for the second adjoint, some analogues for the classical \(C^*\)-identity in the theory of \(C^*\)-algebras, three equations relating adjoints of a nonlinear operator and usual adjoints of its derivatives, the theorem about the connection between of the spectrum of a continuously differentiable nonlinear operator and the spectrum of its derivatives, and so on. It should be noted that there is a number of interesting examples of nonlinear operators and their adjoints in the article; in particular, Hankel nonlinear operators are considered in detail.