Koszul duality of \(E_{n}\)-operads (Q427714)

In the paper under review the author proves a Koszul duality result for \(E_n\)-operads in differential graded modules over a ring. In the case \(n=1\), an \(E_1\)-operad is equivalent to the associative operad, and the result is classical. For \(n > 1\), the homology of an \(E_n\)-operad \(E_n\) is identified with the operad of \(n\)-Gerstenhaber algebras: \(H_*(E_n)=G_n\). The operad \(G_n\) is Koszul, and its dual \(K(G)\) is the operadic \(n\)-fold desuspension of the cooperad \(G_n^{\vee}\) dual to \(G_n\) in \(\mathbb Z\)-modules: \(K(G_n)=\Lambda^{-n}G_n^{\vee}\), where \(\Lambda\) is the operadic suspension operation, and \((-)^{\vee}\) is the duality of \(\mathbb Z\)-modules. Thus there is a weak-equivalence \(\epsilon_n: B^c(\Lambda^{-n}G_n^{\vee}) \to G_n\) in the category of differential graded operads, where \(B^c(D)\) is the cobar construction on a cooperad \(D\). For the characteristic zero setting, this yields a Koszul duality result. But, for \(\mathbb Z\)-modules it is necessary to introduce new ideas. The author shows that the weak-equivalence \(\epsilon_n\) is realized by a morphism at the chain level \(\psi_n: B^c(\Lambda^{-n}E_n^{\vee}) \to E_n \). To state the realization condition properly, the author considers a natural spectral sequence \(E^1=B^c(H_*(\Lambda^{-n}E_n^{\vee})) \Rightarrow H_*(B^c(\Lambda^{-n}E_n^{\vee}))\) associated with the cobar construction. Then the author shows that the restriction of the homology morphism induced by \(\psi_n\) on the edge of the spectral sequence agrees with \(\epsilon_n\) for \(n>1\).