Complex vector fields, unique continuation and the maximum modulus principle (Q1927679)

Let \(M\) be a smooth manifold and \(\mathfrak Z\) a subspace of the space of complex vector fields on \(M\), which is closed under multiplication by complex valued smooth functions. Then one considers weak \(L^2_{loc}\) solutions of the system of equations \(Zu=0\) for all \(Z\in\mathfrak Z\). The main aim of the article is to find conditions on \(\mathfrak Z\) which imply that such solutions satisfy a maximum modulus principle and/or unique continuation. The basic conditions to be imposed are versions of hypoellipticity on one hand and conditions on the behavior of \(\mathfrak Z\) under the Lie bracket on the other hand. The latter conditions are either expressed as a Hörmander condition or via the Sussmann leaf associated to \(\mathfrak Z\). The authors first show that Lipschitz-hypoellipticity together with openness of the Sussmann leaf implies a local maximal modulus principle. If in addition weak unique continuation holds, one obtains a global maximal modulus principle. Second, the authors study weak unique continuation, deriving results in the real analytic case, and for embedded CR manifolds satsifying weakenings of pseudoconcavity.