The invariance of the arithmetic mean with respect to generalized quasi-arithmetic means (Q1014654)

Given a continuous strictly monotone function \(\phi: I\to {\mathbb R}\) and a probability measure \(\mu\) on the Borel subjects of \([0,1],\) the two variable mean \({\mathcal M}_{\phi, \mu}: I^2\to I\) is defined by \[ {\mathcal M}_{\phi, \mu}(x,y)=\phi^{-1}\left(\int_0^1 \phi(tx+(1-t)y)d\mu(t)\right), \quad (x,y)\in I. \] The aim of this paper is to study the Matkowski-Suto problem, i.e., to characterize those pairs \((\phi,\mu)\) and \((\psi,\nu)\) such that \[ {\mathcal M}_{\phi, \mu}(x,y)+{\mathcal M}_{\psi, \nu}(x,y)=x+y, \quad x,y\in I \] holds. Under at most fourth-order differentiability assumptions and certain nondegeneracy conditions on the measures, the main results of this paper show that there are three classes of the functions \(\phi, \psi;\) they are equivalent either to linear, or to exponential or to power functions.