A proof of the Breuil-Schneider conjecture in the indecomposable case (Q1942693)

The \(p\)-adic Langlands program predicts a correspondence between certain Galois representations \(\rho: \text{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p/F)\to \text{GL}_n(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) and certain representations \(\hat{\pi}\) of \(\text{GL}_n(F)\) on \(p\)-adic Banach spaces, for a \(p\)-adic field \(F\). This is now a big theorem for \(\text{GL}_2(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p)\) thanks to the work of Berger, Breuil, Colmez, Emerton, Paskunas and many other people, but very little about this extremely difficult problem is known beyond this example. \textit{C. Breuil} and \textit{P. Schneider} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 610, 149--180 (2007; Zbl 1180.11036)] made a conjecture about \(\text{GL}_n(F)\). Fix a data \((r, N, D_E)\) of Frobenius-semisimple Weil-Deligne representation of \(W_F\) over a finite extension \(E/F\), and a set \(\{i_{1,\sigma}<\cdots<i_{n,\sigma}\}\) of \(n\) distinct integers for each embedding \(\sigma: F\to E\). Out of these data one may construct an irreducible algebraic representation \(\xi=\otimes \xi_\sigma\) of \(\text{Res}_{F/\mathbb{Q}_p}\text{GL}_n\) over \(E\), and a smooth representation \(\pi\) of \(\text{GL}_n(F)\) defined over \(E\) (which up to twist is parabolically induced from generalized Steinberg representations, and admits a unique irreducible quotient associated with \((r, N, D_E)\) by the usual local Langlands correspondence). The Breuil-Schneider conjecture states that the following two conditions are equivalent. (1) The data arise from a potentially semistable Galois representation \(\rho\), i.e., \((r,N, D_E)=\text{WD}(\rho)\) and \(\{i_{j,\sigma}\}\)'s are the Hodge-Tate numbers \(\text{HT}_\sigma(\rho)\); (2) the representation \(\xi\otimes_E\pi\) admits a \(\text{GL}_n(F)\)-invariant norm \(\|\cdot\|\). The paper under review gives a proof of this conjecture when \((r, N, D_E)\) is indecomposable. In fact the author's method works for any connected reductive group \(G\) defined over \(\mathbb{Q}_p\), and the conjecture is deduced from the following theorem by taking \(G=\text{Res}_{F/\mathbb{Q}_p}\text{GL}_n\). Theorem. Let \(G\) be a connected reductive group over \(\mathbb{Q}_p\). Let \(\xi\) be any irreducible algebraic representation of \(G_{\bar{\mathbb{Q}}_p}\) and let \(\pi\) be any essentially discrete series representation of \(G\). Then \(\xi\otimes \pi\) admits a \(G\)-invariant norm if and only if its central character is integral. The proof is by passing to a global setting and making use of algebraic modular forms. In particular, the author uses the trace formula argument for an \(\mathbb{R}\)-anisotropic model of \(G\), i.e., a global model \(G_{/\mathbb{Q}}\) such that \(G(\mathbb{R})\) is compact. In the subsequent paper [Pac. J. Math. 275, No. 1, 191--230 (2015; Zbl 1397.11087)], the author also makes some progress in the decomposable case.