The mass shell in the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model (Q2449878)

The paper deals with the semi-relativistic Pauli-Fierz model for a single free electron interacting with the quantized radiation field. The authors start from the relativistic energy-momentum dependency for the electron and introduce the quantized radiation field via minimal coupling obtaining square-root Hamiltonian. After mathematically rigorous analysis, authors prove the existence of the renormalized electron mass, the existence of ground state eigenvectors at total momentum zero, absence of eigenvalues at non-zero momenta, existence of ground state eigenvectors of renormalized Hamiltonians, and disjointness of coherent infrared representations. Moreover, the exact twofold degeneracy of the ground state eigenvalues of renormalized fiber Hamiltonians in the presence of spin is shown. The paper is organized as follows. After introduction in Section 1, Section 2 gives the most important definitions (scales, Fock spaces, and second quantization, double Hilbert spaces and Dirac operators, the fiber Hamiltonians, ground state energies and spectral gaps, the partially and fully dressing transformed Hamiltonians, coherent infrared representations and generalized operators. Section 3 is devoted to preliminary results on the mass shell, while Section 4 deals with \(C^2\) regularity and strict convexity of the mass shell. Finally, in Section 5 the degeneracy of ground state eigenvalues is investigated. The main text is followed by four appendices where the self-adjointness and relative bounds are discussed, as well as analyticity and Hellmann-Feynman formulas. Furthermore, proofs of some technical lemmas are presented in the Appendix.