Analytic solutions of linear neutral and non-neutral delay differential equations using the Laplace transform method: featuring higher order poles and resonance (Q6116965)

In this paper, the author extends the Laplace transform method to derive analytic solutions for linear RDDEs and NDDEs with real and complex poles of higher order. Additionally, first-order linear DDEs exhibiting resonance phenomena are presented. The approach mirrors cases with poles of order one but necessitates adjustments when applying Cauchy's residue theorem for higher order poles. The solution process involves computing the infinite sequence of poles and determining the Laplace inverse using the Cauchy residue theorem. Notably, for RDDEs, poles can be expressed in terms of the Lambert W-function, while NDDEs often require numerical computation for complex poles. The paper highlights the unique ability of first-order linear RDDEs and NDDEs with higher order poles to exhibit resonance phenomena, absent in ordinary differential equations. Despite these complexities, the Laplace transform method yields accurate solutions, reinforcing its robustness in addressing linear RDDEs and NDDEs, even with higher order poles.