\(M\)-slenderness (Q522306)

A subgroup \(M\) of \(\mathbb{Z}^{\omega }\) is \textit{monotone} if whenever \( x,y\in \mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\), \(x\preceq y\) and \(y\in M\), then \(x\in M\). Here, \(x\preceq y\) if for some fixed integer \(k>0\), for every \(n<\omega \), \( |x(n)|\leq k\overline{y}(n)\), where \(\overline{y}(n)=\max \{1,|y(i)|:i\leq n\}\). For a monotone group \(M\), an abelian group \(G\) is \(M\)-\textit{slender}, if for every homomorphism \(\phi :M\rightarrow G\), the set \(\{n\in \omega : \phi (e_{n})=0\}\) is finite. Starting from a \textit{R. J. Nunke}'s theorem [Acta Sci. Math. 23, 67--73 (1962; Zbl 0108.02601)] on slender groups, the following results are proved. Theorem 1. Suppose that \(M\) is a bounded monotone subgroup of \( \mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\) and \(M\neq B\). Then an abelian group \(G\) is \(M\)-slender if and only if \(G\) does not contain any subgroup isomorphic to any of the following additive abelian groups: \(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}\), \( \mathbb{Q}\), \(J_{p}\), \(M\), where \(p\) is any prime number. Theorem 2. Suppose that \(M\) is a bounded monotone subgroup of \( \mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\) and \(M\neq B\). Then a torsion-free reduced abelian group \(G\) is \(M\)-slender if and only if there is no monomorphism from \(M\) into \(G\). Theorem 3. Every unbounded monotone group \(N=\mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\) is contained in a monotone group \(M=\mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\) which has the property that a torsion-free reduced abelian group \(G\) is \(M\)-slender if and only if there is no monomorphism from \(M\) into \(G\). Two monotone groups \(M\) and \(N\) are \textit{equivalent} if any one of the following (equivalent) conditions holds: (1) every \(M\)-slender abelian group is \(N\)-slender and every \(N\)-slender abelian group is \(M\)-slender; (2) \(M\) is not \(N\)-slender and \(N\) is not \(M\)-slender; (3) a subgroup of \(M\) is isomorphic to \(N\) and a subgroup of \(N\) is isomorphic to \(M\). Theorem 4. Suppose that all unbounded monotone groups \(N=\mathbb{Z} ^{\omega}\) are equivalent. Suppose that \(M=\mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\) is an unbounded monotone subgroup of \(\mathbb{Z}^{\omega}\). Then a torsion-free reduced abelian group \(G\) is \(M\)-slender if and only if there is no monomorphism from \(M\) into \(G\).