The Chevalley-Weil formula for orbifold curves (Q1654164)

Let \(f:X \rightarrow Y\) be a Galois cover of compact Riemann surfaces of genus \(g_X\) and \(g_Y\) respectively. Let \(G=\mathrm{Aut}_X(Y)\) be the corresponding Galois group. The group \(G\) acts by pull-back on the space of holomorphic differential 1-forms of \(X\) giving a \(g_X\)-dimensional complex representation \(\rho_f: G^{\mathrm{op}} \rightarrow\mathrm{GL}(H^0(X,\Omega_X))\), called ``canonical representation'' of \(G\). Let \(\rho\) be an irreducible representation of \(G\). \textit{C. Chevalley} and \textit{A. Weil} gave in [Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hamb. 10, 358--361 (1934; JFM 60.0098.01)] a formula for the multiplicity of \(\rho\) inside \(\rho_f\) in terms of \(g_Y\) and the ramification structure of \(f\). This formula is usually called ``Chevalley-Weil formula''. This result was generalized in the more general setting of algebraic curves over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p \geq 0\) provided that \(p \nmid |G|\), and then also by \textit{S. Nakajima} [Invent. Math. 75, 1--8 (1984; Zbl 0612.14017)] to any coherent sheaf and any ramified cover of algebraic varieties over an any algebraically closed field. In this paper, the Chevalley-Weil formula is generalized to ramified Galois covers of ``orbifold curves'' (also known as ``Deligne-Mumford curves'' or ``stacky curves'') under the assumption that the ramification locus is disjoint from the locus of orbifold points in \(Y\). The author analyzes the problem over the complex field \(\mathbb{C}\), but every argument applies over arbitrary algebraically closed field whose characteristic does not divide \(|G|\) (see Section 3). Applications are also provided in the study of Fermat curves \(F_N\) (See Section 6).