Strictly positive definite kernels on the circle (Q1912641)

The author studies strictly positive definite and strictly conditionally negative definite functions on the circle \(S^1\). Strict positive definiteness, resp. strict conditional negative definiteness, means that strict inequalities hold whenever nontrivial bilinear forms of the corresponding matrices are considered. In \textit{Y. Xu} and \textit{E. W. Cheney} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 116, 977-982 (1992; Zbl 0787.43005)] it was shown that in the Schoenberg series representation \(f(t)= \sum^\infty_{k=0} =a_k \cos kt\) of the positive definite \(f\) one has strict positive definiteness provided all \(a_k>0\). Strict positive (and also strict conditional negative) definiteness will depend on the set of integers \(k\) for which \(a_k<0\) and not on the magnitude of the \(a_k\). In the present paper at first the result of Xu and Cheney is improved: Let \(f(t)= \sum_{k\in K} a_k\cos kt\) with \(a_k>0\) for all \(k\in K\) and \(\sum_{k\in K} a_k<\infty\). If \(K\) is a subset of \(\cup^\infty_{k=0} (b_k+ c_kN_k)\), where \(N_k= \{0,1, \dots, k\}\), \(b_k,c_k \in \mathbb{N}\) and \((c_k)\) is a prime sequence, then \(f\) is strictly positive definite. An increasing sequence \((c_k)\) of nonnegative integers is said to be prime if it is not contained in any set of the form \(p_1\mathbb{N} \cup p_2\mathbb{N} \cup\cdots \cup p_n \mathbb{N}\), where \(p_1, p_2, \dots, p_n\) are prime numbers. After that the author derives three independent necessary conditions for subsets \(K\subseteq \mathbb{N}_0\), where the functions \(f(t)\) with series representations over \(K\) as above are strictly positive definite. Each result for strict positive definiteness holds as well for strict conditional negative definiteness.