Fredholmness and smooth dependence for linear time-periodic hyperbolic systems (Q652511)

The authors study \(n\times n\) linear one-dimensional hyperbolic systems of the type \[ \partial_t u_j+ a_j(x)\partial_x u_j+ \sum^n_{k=1} b_{jk} u_k= f_j(x,t)\tag{1} \] for \(j= 1,\dots, n\), \(x\in (0,1)\) with time-periodicity conditions \[ u_j(x,t+ 2\pi)= u_j(t,x),\quad j= 1,\dots, n,\;x\in [0,1]\tag{2} \] and boundary conditions \[ \begin{aligned} u_j(0,t) &= \sum^n_{k=m+1} r^0_{jk} u_k(0,t),\quad j= 1,\dots, m,\\ u_j(1,t) & =\sum^m_{k=1} r^1_{jk} u_k(1,t),\quad j= m+1,\dots, n.\end{aligned}\tag{3} \] Here \(1\leq m\leq n\) is a fixed natural number, \(r^0_{jk}\), \(r^1_{jk}\) are real numbers. The right-hand sides \(f_j\) are supposed to be \(2\pi\) periodic with respect to \(t\). The periodic-Dirichlet problem (1)--(3) is transformed to an abstract operator equation \[ A(a,b^0)u+ B(b^1) u=f\tag{4} \] with the operators \(A(a,b^0)\) and \(B(b^1)\) which are well defined for \(a_j\), \(b_{jk}\in L^\infty(0,1)\). Here \(a\) is the vector with components \(a_j\), and \(b^0\) and \(b^1\) are the diagonal and nondiagonal parts of the matrix with components \(b_{jk}\). The first result concerns an isomorphism property of \(A(a,b^0)\) on certain unisotropic Sobolev spaces. The second result establishes conditions for the coefficients \(a_j\) and \(b_{jk}\) such that the operator \(A(a,b^0)+ B(b^1)\) is a Fredholm operator.