Sobolev space estimates and symbolic calculus for bilinear pseudodifferential operators (Q2434069)

The present paper deals with bilinear pseudodifferential operators, defined a priori from \(S (\mathbb R^{n}) \times S (\mathbb R^{n})\) into \(S' (\mathbb R^{n}),\) of the form \[ T_{\sigma} (f,g) (x) = \int_{\mathbb R^{n}} \int_{\mathbb R^{n}} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) \widehat{f} (\xi) \widehat{g} (\eta) e^{i x(\xi + \eta)} d \xi\, d \eta, \] where their symbols \(\sigma\) satisfy estimates of the form (the class \(B S_{\rho,\delta}^{m})\) \[ | \partial_{x}^{\alpha} \partial_{\xi}^{\beta} \partial_{\eta}^{\gamma} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) | \leq C_{\alpha \beta \gamma} (1 + | \xi | + | \eta | )^{m + \delta | \alpha | - \rho (| \beta | + | \gamma |)}, \] or (the class \(B S_{\rho,\delta;\theta}^{m}\)) \[ | \partial_{x}^{\alpha} \partial_{\xi}^{\beta} \partial_{\eta}^{\gamma} \sigma (x,\xi,\eta) | \leq C_{\alpha \beta \gamma;\theta} (1 + | \eta - \xi \tan \theta | )^{m + \delta | \alpha | - \rho (| \beta | + | \gamma |)} \] for all \((x,\xi,\eta) \in \mathbb R^{3n}\), all multi-indices \(\alpha,\beta\) and \(\gamma,\) and some constants \(C_{\alpha \beta \gamma}\) or, respectively, \(C_{\alpha \beta \gamma;\theta}\). It is assumed that \(\theta \in (-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2})\), with the convention that \(\theta = \pi/2\) corresponds to the decay in terms of \(1 + | \xi |\) only. \(S (\mathbb R^{n})\) denotes the Schwartz space of functions and \(S' (\mathbb R^{n})\) is the space of tempered distributions. By \(\widehat{f}\) is denoted the Fourier transform of the function \(f\in S (\mathbb R^{n}).\) The authors study mainly the boundedness properties of such operators \(T_{\sigma}\). Among many other results, the authors prove that every operator \(T_{\sigma}\) with a symbol in the class \(B S_{1,1}^{m}\), \(m \geq 0,\) has a bounded extension from \(L_{m + s}^{p} \times L_{m + s}^{q}\) into \(L_{s}^{r},\) provided that \(1/p + 1/q = 1/r\), \(1 < p,q,r < \infty,\) and \(s > 0.\) Moreover, \[ \| T_{\sigma} (f,g) \|_{L_{s}^{r}} \leq C (p,q,r,s,n,m,\sigma) \left(\| f \|_{L_{m + s}^{p}} \| g \|_{L^{q}} + \| f \|_{L^{p}} \| g \|_{L_{m + s}^{q}}\right). \] A symbolic calculus for the transposes of bilinear pseudodifferential operators and for the composition of linear pseudodifferential operators is also presented.