Virtual rigid motives of semi-algebraic sets (Q1725990)

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $0$ containing all roots of unity. \textit{F. Morel} and \textit{V. Voevodsky} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 90, 45--143 (1999; Zbl 0983.14007)] introduced a notion of motivic sheaves $\text{SH}(X)$ on $k$-schemes $X$. By results of Ayoub, those motivic sheaves satisfy Grothendieck's Six Functor Formalism. In particular, for any $k$-scheme $f: X \to \text{spec} k$, one obtains, in analogy to usual cohomology with compact support, a ``cohomological motive with compact support'' $\mathrm{M}^\vee_{c}(X) := f_!f^*\mathbf{1}_{k} \in \text{SH}(k)$ (where $\text{SH}(k) := \text{SH}(\text{spec} k$)). This functor $M^\vee_{c}$ induces a ring homomorphism $\chi_k: \mathbf{K}(\text{Var}_k) \to \mathbf{K}(\text{SH}(k))$ between suitable Grothendieck rings. Here, $\mathbf{K}(\text{Var}_k)$ is defined using varieties over $k$ modulo the scissor relations, and $\mathbf{K}(\text{SH}(k))$ is defined using ``constructible objects'' modulo the relations induced by the exact triangles of the triangulated category $\text{SH}(k)$. \par Now set $K := k((t))$. In this setting, \textit{J. Ayoub} [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr., Nouv. Sér. 140--141, 1--386 (2015; Zbl 1333.14001)] introduced a variant $\text{RigSH}(K)$ of $\text{SH}(K)$ for rigid analytic $K$-varieties. He does provide notions of ``homological and cohomological rigid motives'' $\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{rig}}(X)$ and $\mathrm{M}^\vee_{\mathrm{rig}}(X)$, but not a version of cohomology with compact support. The present paper provides such a notion at the level of Grothendieck rings: The above map $\chi_K: \mathbf{K}(\text{Var}_K) \to \mathbf{K}(\text{SH}(K))$ is extended in a natural way to a map $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}: \mathbf{K}(\text{VF}^{\mathrm{an}}_K) \to \mathbf{K}(\text{RigSH}(K))$. Here, $\mathbf{K}(\text{VF}^{\mathrm{an}}_K)$ is defined using sub-analytic sets over $K$ (again modulo the scissor relations). \par To show that this $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}$ is really the ``right'' homomorphism, the author proves that $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}$ satifies various duality properties that one would expect from (virtual) cohomology with compact support (relating it to homology $\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{rig}}$ and cohomology $\mathrm{M}^\vee_{\mathrm{rig}}$) and also that $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}$ is already uniquely determined by one of those duality properties. \par A key idea in the the construction of $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}$ is that both Grothendieck rings, $\mathbf{K}(\text{VF}^{\mathrm{an}}_K)$ and $\mathbf{K}(\text{RigSH}(K))$, can be described in terms of the corresponding Grothendieck rings $\mathbf{K}(\text{Var}_k)$ and $\mathbf{K}(\text{SH}(k))$ over the residue field $k$. Here, the relation between $\mathbf{K}(\text{VF}^{\mathrm{an}}_K)$ and $\mathbf{K}(\text{Var}_k)$ comes from motivic integration as defined by Hrushovski-Kazhdan, and the relation between $\mathbf{K}(\text{RigSH}(K))$ and $\mathbf{K}(\text{SH}(k))$ comes from results of Ayoub. \par Using the map $\chi_{\mathrm{Rig}}$ (and its duality properties), the author answers a question about the analytic Milnor fiber introduced by Nicaise-Sebag.