Some formulas concerning the fundamental unit of a real quadratic field (Q1182961)

We quote the author's words: ``Let \(\varepsilon\) be the fundamental unit of a real quadratic field of discriminant \(d\) and let integers \(V_ n\) and \(U_ n\) be defined by \((V_ n+U_ n\sqrt d)/2=\varepsilon^ n\). It is well known that if \(p\) is any odd prime, then \(p \mid U_ m\), where \(m=p-\chi\) and \(\chi\) is the value of the Legendre symbol \((d/p)\). In this paper several formulas are derived for the value of \(U_ m/p\;(\bmod p)\) for the case in which \(p \nmid d\)''.