Extending standard models of ZFC to models of nonstandard set theories (Q1970591)

The authors investigate a possibility to extend a model of some nonstandard set theory. Let \(\text{IST}^+\) be the internal set theory of \textit{E. Nelson} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 83, 1165-1198 (1977; Zbl 0373.02040)] in the st-\(\in\)-language with the following axiom: There is a function \(\mathbb{C}\) such that \(\mathbb{S}\subseteq\text{dom }\mathbb{C}\) and, for any nonempty standard \(x\), \(\mathbb{C}(x)\in x\) and \(\mathbb{C}(x)\) is standard. Then any transitive model \({\mathcal M}\models \text{ZFC}\) extends to a model of \(\text{IST}^+\) iff there is a well-ordering \(\preccurlyeq\) of \({\mathcal M}\) such that the structure \(({\mathcal M},\in,\preccurlyeq)\) is a model of ZFC and \(\text{truth}_{\in,4}\) is innocuous for \(({\mathcal M},\in,\preccurlyeq)\). The authors also present characterizations of transitive models \({\mathcal M}\models\text{ZFC}\) which extend to a model of NST of \textit{K. Hrbaček} [Fundam. Math. 98, 1-19 (1978; Zbl 0373.02039)] and KST of \textit{T. Kawai} [Stud. Logic Found. Math. 111, 55-76 (1983; Zbl 0542.03046)].