Characterizations of some groups in terms of centralizers (Q2156407)

The paper presents a series of results describing the influence of the element centralizers on the structure of a group. For any group \(G,\) let \(\mathrm{Cent}(G)\) denote the set of the centralizers of \(G\). Then \(G\) is called a \(\mathcal C_n\)-group if \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)|=n.\) The author proves that if \(G\) is a non-abelian \(\mathcal C_n\)-group, then \(|G/Z(G)|\leq (n-2)^2\) if \(n\leq 12,\) \(|G/Z(G)|\leq 2(n-4)^{\log_2(n-4)}\) otherwise, improving an earlier result by Zarrin. Recall that an F-group is a group in which every non-central element centralizer contains no other element centralizer. Among other results, the author proves that if \(G\) is non-abelian F-group, then \(\gcd(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)|-2, |G/Z(G)|)\neq 1.\) If \(G\) is an F-group, then \(\mathrm{Cent}(G)\geq |G|/2\) if and only if \(G\cong A_4,\) an extraspecial 2-group or a Frobenius group with abelian kernel and complement of order 2. Finally, if \(G\) is a finite group with non-trivial center, then \(|\mathrm{Cent}(G)|\leq |G|/2,\) with equality if and only if \(G\) is an extraspecial 2-group.