Graph homomorphisms into the five-cycle (Q1105622)

\textit{A. M. H. Gerards} [J. Graph Theory 12, 73-83 (1988)] proved that if a graph G with odd girth n does not admit a homomorphism into the cycle \(C_ n\) then G contains a special subdivision of \(K_ 4\) or \(K\) \(2_ 3\). The author presents a constructive characterization of those graphs which have no homomorphism into the cycle \(C_ 5\) and contain no subdivision of \(K_ 4\).