Groups of \(p\)-absolute Galois type that are not absolute Galois groups (Q2104893)

In this paper, the three authors study pro-\(p\) groups of \(p\)-absolute Galois type, \(p\) being a prime. Recall that given a field \(\mathbb K\), the absolute Galois group \(G_{\mathbb K} := \mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb K_s/\mathbb K)\) is a profinite group, where by \(\mathbb K_s\) as usual is denoted the separable closure of \(\mathbb K\). Respectively, if \(\mathbb K(p)\) is the maximal \(p\)-extension of \(\mathbb K\), the Galois group \(G_{\mathbb K}(p) := \mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb K(p)/\mathbb K)\) is called the maximal pro-\(p\) Galois group of \(\mathbb K\), which is the maximal pro-\(p\) quotient of \(G_{\mathbb K}\). A major difficult problem in Galois theory is the characterization of profinite groups which occur as absolute Galois groups of fields, and of pro-\(p\) groups which occur as maximal pro-\(p\) Galois groups. The current paper is devoted to the pro-\(p\) groups of \(p\)-absolute Galois type. According to Lam-Liu-Sharifi-Wake-Wang, a pro-\(p\) group \(G\) is said to be of \(p\)-absolute Galois type if, for every \(\alpha\in\text{H}^1(G, \mathbb Z/p)\), the sequence \[ \mathrm{H}^1(N, \mathbb Z/p)\xrightarrow{\mathrm{cor}^1_{N,G}}\mathrm{H}^1(G, \mathbb Z/p)\xrightarrow{\smile\alpha}\mathrm{H}^2(G, \mathbb Z/p)\xrightarrow{\mathrm{res}^2_{G,N}}\mathrm{H}^2(N, \mathbb Z/p) \] is exact, where \(N = \mathrm{Ker}(\alpha)\), and the middle arrow denotes the cup-product by \(\alpha\). The authors prove that the pro-\(p\) completion of the rightangled Artin group associated to a chordal or a row of subsequent squares simplicial graph is of \(p\)-absolute Galois type. Also, they prove that Demushkin groups are of \(p\)-absolute Galois type, and that the free pro-\(p\) product and, under certain conditions, the direct product of two pro-\(p\) groups of \(p\)-absolute Galois type satisfying the Massey vanishing property, is again a pro-\(p\) group of \(p\)-absolute Galois type satisfying the Massey vanishing property.