Chain recurrence and average shadowing in dynamics (Q2665274)

The authors study the chain recurrence and the shadowing property for spherical linear transformations and for bounded linear operators on Banach spaces. More precisely, for a matrix \(A \in \mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{R})\), the spherical linear transformation induced by \(A\) is the map \[ \phi_A : x \in \mathbb{S}^{n-1} \mapsto \frac{Ax}{\|Ax\|} \in \mathbb{S}^{n-1} ,\] where \(n \geq 2\) and \(\mathbb{S}^{n-1}\) denotes the unit sphere of the euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^n\). The first result states that \(\phi_A\) is chain recurrent if and only if the absolute values of the complex eigenvalues of \(A\) are all equal. Moreover, an invertible bilateral weighted backward shift \(B_w\) on the spaces \(\ell_p(\mathbb{Z})\) (\(1 \leq p < \infty\)) and \(c_0(\mathbb{Z})\) is chain recurrent if and only if \[ \sum_{i=1}^\infty \frac{1}{|w_{-n}\cdots w_{-1}|} = \infty \hbox{ and } \sum_{i=1}^\infty |w_1 \cdots w_n| = \infty. \] Finally, they show that an invertible bounded linear operator \(A\) on a Banach space \(X\) is hyperbolic if and only if it is average expansive and has the average shadowing property.