A nonlocal anisotropic eigenvalue problem. (Q504269)

The aim of the paper is to determine the shape which minimizes the first eigenvalue \(\lambda\) of the following eigenvalue problem among all bounded domains \(\Omega\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with given measure \[ \begin{aligned} -\operatorname{div}(H(\nabla u)\nabla H (\nabla u)) + \alpha \int_\Omega u\, dx &= \lambda u \text{ in } \Omega, \\ u &= 0 \text{ on } \partial \Omega, \end{aligned} \] where \(\alpha\) is a real parameter and \(H\) a suitable homogeneous convex function. The result is that the first eigenvalue increases with the weight up to a critical value and then remains constant. More precisely the author proves the following Theorem 1.1 For every \(n \geq 2\) there exists a positive value \[ \alpha_c = \frac{2^{3/n}k_n^{2/n}j_{n/2-1,1}^3 J_{n/2-1,1}(2^{1/n}j_{n/2-1,1})}{2^{1/n}j_{n/2-1,1} J_{n/2-1}(2^{1/n}j_{n/2-1,1}) - nJ_{n/2}(2^{1/n}j_{n/2-1,1})}, \] such that, for every bounded, open set \(\Omega\) in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and for every real number \(\alpha,\) it holds \[ \lambda(\alpha,\Omega) \geq \begin{cases}\lambda(\alpha,\Omega^{\#}) \text{ if } \alpha |\Omega|^{1+2/n} \leq \alpha_c, \\ \frac{2^{2/n}k_n^{2/n}j_{n/2-1,1}^2}{|\Omega|^{2/n}} \text{ if } \alpha|\Omega|^{1+2/n} \geq \alpha_c. \end{cases} \] If equality sign holds when \(\alpha|\Omega|^{1+2/n} < \alpha_c \) then \(\Omega\) is a Wulff set, while if inequality sign holds when \(\alpha|\Omega|^{1+2/n} > \alpha_c\), then \(\Omega\) is the union of two disjoint Wulff sets of equal measure. The set \( \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n: \sup_{\xi \in K} \frac{<x,\xi>}{H(\xi)} < 1 \} \) denotes the Wulff set centered at the origin with the measure \(k_n,\) where \(K= \{x \in \mathbb{R}^n: H(x) < 1 \}\) and the set \(\Omega^{\#}\) denotes the Wulff set centered at the origin such that \( |\Omega^{\#}|= |\Omega|.\)