On the higher numerical radius and spectral norm (Q1086654)

Let A be an \(n\times n\) complex matrix, \({\mathcal U}_ n\) the set of \(n\times n\) unitary matrices, and \(tr_ m(A)\) the trace of the upper left \(m\times m\) submatrix of A, \(1\leq m\leq n\). The author defines the m- numerical radius of A to be \(r_ m(A)=\max \{| tr_ m(UAU^*)|: U\in {\mathcal U}_ n\}\) and the m-spectral norm as \(\| A\|_ m=\max \{| tr_ m(UAV)|: U,V\in {\mathcal U}_ n\}.\) A main inequality is given along with several consequential results. Thus, let n,p, and m be (non-negative) integers such that \(n>m+p\). Then \[ (1+\frac{2p}{\min \{m,n-m-p\}})(\frac{1}{m+p})r_{n+p}(A)\geq \frac{1}{m}r_ m(A). \] Next for \((x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_ n)\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n\) and \(1\leq m<n\) let \(| x|_ m=\max \{\sum^{m}_{k=1}| x_{i_ k}|:\) \(1\leq i_ 1<i_ 2<...<i_ m\leq n\}\) and \(s_ m(x)=\max \{| \sum^{n}_{k=1}x_{i_ k}|:\) \(1\leq i_ 1<i_ 2<...<i_ m\leq n\}\), and finally \(\delta (m,n)=\max_{0\neq x\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n}| x|_ m/s_ m(x)\). Then the author shows that \(r_ m(A)\leq \| A\|_ m\leq 2\delta (m,n)r_ m(A),\) and further, if \(\nu \geq 4\delta^ 2(m,n)\) then \(\nu r_ m(AB)\leq \nu r_ m(A)\nu r_ n(B)\) for any \(n\times n\) complex matrices A and B. Estimates of \(\delta\) showing \(\delta\) (m,n)\(\leq m\) are also derived.