Moduli of sheaves supported on quartic space curves (Q333271)

As a continuation of the work of \textit{H. G. Freiermuth} and \textit{G. Trautmann} [Am. J. Math. 126, No. 2, 363--393 (2004; Zbl 1069.14012)], the authors study the geometry of the moduli space \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) of stable sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}^3\) with Hilbert polynomial \(4m+1\). The main result of the paper says that the moduli space \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) has three irreducible components \(\mathbf{R}\), \(\mathbf{E}\), \(\mathbf{P}\) of dimensions \(16\), \(17\), \(20\) respectively. Generic elements of the components are (1) the structure sheaves of rational quartic curves (in \(\mathbf{R}\)); (2) non-trivial extensions of a structure sheaf of a point by a structure sheaf of an elliptic quartic curve passing through it (in \(\mathbf{E}\)); (3) planar sheaves (in \(\mathbf{P}\)). A pair on \(\mathbb{P}^3\) is a pair \((s, F)\) of a pure sheaf \(F\) on \(\mathbb{P}^3\) and its non-zero section \(s\). For a non-negative rational number \(\alpha\) such a pair \((s, F)\) is called \(\alpha\)-semistable if for every proper non-zero subsheaf \(G\subset F\) \[ \frac{P_G(m)+\delta\cdot \alpha }{r(G)}\leq \frac{P_F(m)+\alpha}{r(F)}, \quad \text{for \(m\gg 0\)}, \] where \(r(G)\) and \(r(F)\) are the leading coefficients of the Hilbert polynomials \(P_G(m)\), \(P_F(m)\) of \(G\) and \(F\) respectively and \(\delta=1\) if the section \(s\) factors through \(G\) and \(\delta =0\) otherwise. The main result of the paper is obtained by relating \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) with the moduli spaces \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{\alpha}(4m+1)\) of \(\alpha\)-semistable pairs and with the Hilbert scheme \(\mathrm{Hilb}_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\). Indeed, for small \(\alpha\) a pair \((s, F)\) is \(\alpha\)-semistable if and only if the sheaf \(F\) is semistable. So for small \(\alpha\) there is a natural map \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{\alpha}(4m+1)\to M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\), \((s, F)\mapsto F\), which is surjective since the sheaves in \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) always have sections. The notion of \(\alpha\)-semistability is the same for all \(\alpha<3\) and for all \(\alpha>3\), i.~e., there is only one wall \(\alpha=3\) in this case. The moduli spaces \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^\alpha(4m+1)\) on different sides of the wall have natural maps to \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^3(4m+1)\) and are related this way with each other. For big \(\alpha\) the notion of \(\alpha\)-stability coincides with the Pandharipande-Thomas stability for pairs. Therefore, the moduli space of \(\alpha\)-semistable sheaves for \(\alpha>3\) is related to the Hilbert scheme \(\mathrm{Hilb}_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\), whose irreducible components have been described in [\textit{D. Chen} and \textit{S. Nollet}, Algebra Number Theory 6, No. 4, 731--756 (2012; Zbl 1250.14004)]. The paper under review consists of six sections. Section~1 is an introduction. The authors formulate here the main result, Theorem~1.2, and provide an outline of the paper. Section~2 is a reminder on the wall crossing. Important results on the geometry of the Hilbert scheme \(\mathrm{Hilb}_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) are collected here as well. In Section~3, using the information about \(\mathrm{Hilb}_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\), the moduli space \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{\infty}(4m+1)\), where \(\infty\) stays for \(\alpha>3\), is shown to be a union of four irreducible components. Section~4 deals with the proof of the main result. The authors show that the wall crossing occurs only at \(\alpha=3\). Passing through this wall kills one of the components of \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{\infty}(4m+1)\) and thus the moduli space \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{0^+}(4m+1)\), where \(0^+\) stays for \(\alpha<3\), consists of \(3\) irreducible components. Forgetting the sections via the natural map \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}^{0^+}(4m+1)\to M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) gives the main result, Theorem~4.12. In Section~5 the authors show that the intersections \(\mathbf{R}\cap \mathbf{P}\), \(\mathbf{E}\cap \mathbf{P}\), \(\mathbf{R}\cap \mathbf{E}\) are irreducible. In Section~6 possible free resolutions of the sheaves in \(M_{\mathbb{P}^3}(4m+1)\) are presented.