Weakly singular initial values for the Stokes equation on a half space (Q2492971)

The main object of this paper is to give a solution for the Stokes problem \[ \begin{cases} \partial_t \vec{u} = \Delta \vec{u} - \vec{\nabla} p &\text{on \((0,+\infty) \times \Omega\)},\\ \nabla \vec{u} = 0 &\text{on \((0,+\infty)\times \Omega\)},\\ \vec{u}(t,x',0) = 0 &\text{on \((0,+\infty) \times \partial\Omega\)},\\ \vec{u}(0,x',x_n) = \vec{u_0} &\text{on \(\Omega\)}, \end{cases} \] where \(\Omega=\mathbb{R}^n_+ = \{x=(x',x_n) \in\mathbb{R}^n : x'\in\mathbb{R}^{n-1}, x_n>0\}\), \(p\) is the pressure, and the initial value \(\vec{u_0}=\left(\vec{u_0}', u_{0,n}\right)\) satisfies the compatibility conditions \(\nabla \vec{u_0}=0\) on \(\Omega\), and \(u_{0,n}(x',0)=0\) on \(\partial\Omega\). The idea is to use Ukai's formula [\textit{S. Ukai}, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 40, 611--621 (1987; Zbl 0638.76040)] but in an adapted way; in particular, the authors first improve some results using an alternative description (based on Littlewood-Paley decompositions) that can afterwards be applied in the context of the half space \(\Omega\). The initial value \(\vec{u_0}\) is considered as an \(n\)-dimensional weakly singular distribution on the half space. The result (Theorem 1) is finally given in Section~6, whereas in the preceding sections the appropriate notions are introduced and the method is described and adapted: In Section~1 special tangential Besov spaces \(B^{\sigma,k,\infty}_{\infty}\) are introduced as the set of those \(f\in S'(\mathbb{R}^n)\) with \((1+x_n^2)^{-k/2}f \in B^{\sigma,\infty}_{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n)\), being the usual Besov space, where \(k\in\mathbb{R}\), \(\sigma\in\mathbb{R}\). Parallel to the unweighted case equivalent norms are proved, and the action of the translation operator and the dilation operator, respectively, are studied. In Section~2 the operator \(1/(\frac{\partial}{\partial x_n} + \sqrt{-\sum_{j=1}^{n-1} \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_j^2}})\) is investigated in certain Besov spaces, whereas Sections~3 and 4 are devoted to the study of weakly singular distributions on the half space. This concept is essential for the main result. Roughly speaking, a distribution \(T\) is weakly singular if it is the restriction of some \(S\in S'(\mathbb{R}^n)\) to \(\Omega\), where \(S\in B^{\sigma,k,\infty}_\infty\) for some \(\sigma\in\mathbb{R}\) and some \(k\in\mathbb{N}\), and \(\chi_\Omega e^{t\Delta} S\) is bounded in \( B^{\sigma,k,\infty}_\infty\) for \(0<t<1\) and converges to \(S\) for \(t\to 0\), \(e^{t\Delta}\) being the well-known heat kernel. Section~3 deals with properties of such objects, Section~4 with their traces on \(\partial\Omega\). In Section~5 Ukai's formalism is reviewed.