Remarks on contractive conditions of integral type (Q1026068)

In this excellent paper, the author shows that a number of contractive conditions of integral type are equivalent to corresponding contractive conditions of non-integral type. I shall illustrate this by stating Theorem 1 of the paper. Let \(\mathfrak{F} := \{ F : \mathbb{R_+} \to \mathbb{R_+} : F\) is increasing, continuous and satisfies \( F^{-1}(0) = \{0\}\}\) and \(\Phi := \{\varphi : \mathbb{R_+} \to \mathbb{R_+} : \varphi\) is nondecreasing, right upper continuous, and satisfies \(\varphi(t) < t \text{ for each } t > 0\}\). Let \(A, B, S, \) and \(T\) be selfmaps of a metric space \((X, d)\). For \(x,y \in X\), set \(M(x,y) :=\max\{d(Ax,by), d(Ax,Sx), d(By,Ty), [d(Ax,By) + d(By,Sx)]/2\}.\) Then the following are equivalent: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] there exist \(\varphi \in \Phi\) and \(f \in \mathfrak{F}\) such that \[ \int_0^{d(Sx,Ty)}f(s)\,ds \leq \varphi\Big(\int_0^{M(x,y)}f(s)\,ds\Big)\text{ for all }x,y \in X; \] \item[(ii)] there exist \(F \in \mathfrak{F}\) and \(\varphi \in \Phi\) such that \(F(d(Sx,Ty)) \leq \varphi(F(M(x,y))\) for all \(x,y \in X\); \item[(iii)] for every \(\alpha \in (0,1)\), there exists \(F \in\mathfrak{F}\) such that \(F(d(Sx,Ty)) \leq \alpha(F(M(x,y))\) for all \(x,y \in X\); \item[(iv)] there exists \(\varphi \in\Phi\) such that \(d(Sx, Ty) \leq \varphi(M(x,y))\) for all \(x,y \in X\). \end{itemize}} The author also proves the following fixed point theorem. Theorem 8. Let \(T\) be a selfmap of a complete metric space \((X,d)\) such that, for some \(\varphi \in \Phi\) and \(F \in \mathfrak{F}\), \(F(d(Tx,Ty)) \leq \varphi(F(d(x,y)))\) for all \(x, y \in X\). Then \(T\) has a unique fixed point \(x_{\epsilon}\) and, for any \(x \in X, \lim_nT^nx = x_{\epsilon}\).