Spaces not containing \(\ell _{1}\) have weak approximate fixed point property (Q710916)

A nonempty, closed, bounded, convex subset \(C\) of a real Banach space \(X\) has the \textit{weak approximate fixed point property} if, for every continuous function \(f:C\to C\), there exists a sequence \((x_n)\) in \(C\) such that the sequence \((x_n - f(x_n))\) converges weakly to \(0\). A Banach space \(X\) has the \textit{weak approximate fixed point property} if each nonempty, closed, bounded, convex subset of \(X\) has the weak approximate fixed point property. In [Discrete Contin.\ Dyn.\ Syst.\ 25, No.\,2, 467--479 (2009; Zbl 1178.47034)], \textit{C.\,Barroso} proved that reflexive Banach spaces have the weak approximate fixed point property; and in [J.\ Math.\ Anal.\ Appl.\ 365, No.\,1, 171--175 (2010; Zbl 1188.47045)], \textit{C.\,Barroso} and \textit{P.-K.\thinspace Lin} generalized this by proving that Asplund spaces have the weak approximate fixed point property. Barroso and Lin, then asked if Banach spaces that contain no isomorphic copies of \(\ell^1\) have the weak approximate fixed point property. In the article under review, the author provides an affirmative answer to Barroso and Lin's question by proving the following result: Let \(C\) be a nonempty, closed, bounded, convex subset of a real Banach space. \(C\) contains no sequence equivalent to the standard basis of \(\ell^1\) if and only if each nonempty, closed, convex subset of \(C\) has the weak approximate fixed point property. In particular, a Banach space has the weak approximate fixed point property if and only if the Banach space contains no isomorphic copy of \(\ell^1\). The author also provides other characterizations of Banach spaces containing no isomorphic copies of \(\ell^1\). For example, a topological space \(T\) is \textit{Fréchet-Urysohn} if, whenever \(A\subset T\) and \(x\) is in the closure of \(A\), there exists a sequence in \(A\) converging to \(x\). The author proves that a Banach space \(X\) contains no isomorphic copy of \(\ell^1\) if and only if each bounded, separable subset of \(X\) is Fréchet-Urysohn in the weak topology.