On the structure of pseudo BL-algebras and pseudo hoops in quantum logics (Q535622)

Pseudo BL-algebras with commuting negations are called good. Representable pseudo BL-algebras are good, cf. [\textit{A. Dvurečenskij}, Soft Comput. 11, No.~6, 495--501 (2007; Zbl 1122.06012)]. The question of whether every pseudo BL-algebra is good, has been posed by \textit{A. Di Nola, G. Georgescu} and \textit{A. Iorgulescu} [Multiple Val. Logic 8, No.~5--6, 717--750 (2002; Zbl 1028.06008)]. The authors answer this question in the negative by giving an example of a pseudo BL-algebra \(M\) equipped with two non-commuting negations \(\sim\) and \(-\), which means that \(a^{\sim -}\neq a^{- \sim}\) for some \(a\in M\). \(M\) is constructed starting from the negative cone of a lattice-ordered group \(G\) with at least two elements. They point out that a definition of states (i.e., finitely additive probability measures) in such an algebra requires that it be good, cf. [\textit{A. Dvurečenskij} and \textit{J. Rachůnek}, Math. Slovaca 56, No.~5, 487--500 (2006; Zbl 1141.06005)] and also [\textit{A. Dvurečenskij}, Studia Logica 68, No.~3, 301--327 (2001; Zbl 0999.06011); Soft Comput. 11, No.~6, 495--501 (2007; Zbl 1122.06012)]. The answer to the goodness question is drawn from an extensive wealth of general results on pseudo BL-algebras, pseudo hoops, and their relatives. Among other things, the authors prove that simple pseudo hoops are subalgebras of \(\mathbb R\). An equational base for representable pseudo hoops is given. They consider pseudo hoops in which each maximal filter is normal. These form a subvariety of the variety of all pseudo hoops, and this subvariety properly contains the variety of normal-valued pseudo hoops, contrary to the corresponding situation in the variety of \(\ell\)-groups. Non-commutative varieties of good pseudo BL-algebras are constructed. The introduction overviews current developments in quantum logic.