Nonuniform hyperbolicity for \(C^{1}\)-generic diffeomorphisms (Q636020)

The aim of this paper is to realize a vision of \textit{R. Mañé} [Proc. Int. Congr. Math., Warszawa 1983, Vol. 2, 1269--1276 (1984; Zbl 0584.58007)] of an ergodic theory for nonconservative \(C^1\)-generic diffeomorphisms. Unfortunately, there was little progress towards the development of the ergodic theory for \(C^1\)-generic dissipative diffeomorphisms due to two obstacles: (1) for \(C^1\)-generic dissipative diffeomorphisms it is difficult to guarantee the existence of measures describing most of the underlying dynamics, and (2) for much of differentiable ergodic theory the hypothesis of \(C^1\)-differentiability is insufficient. In this paper, some of the results confirm claims made without a proof by Mañé; others extend \textit{K. Sigmund}'s work [Invent. Math. 11, 99--109 (1970; Zbl 0193.35502)] to the nonhyperbolic \(C^1\)-generic setting; and still others go beyond the scope of both of these previous works. In any case, the authors begin to tackle both of the aforementioned obstacles toward a generic ergodic theory. At last, in reviewer's opinion, the authors succeed in the development of a rich ergodic theory for \(C^1\)-generic dissipative diffeomorphisms (it is stated that some of the results may admit extensions to or analogues in the conservative setting). The results are grouped into three types. a) Approximations by periodic measures. For instance, it is proved that if \(f\) is a \(C^1\)-generic diffeomorphism then any ergodic measure \(\mu\) is the weak and Hausdorff limit of periodic measures whose Lyapunov exponents converge to those of \(\mu\), and any (non necessarily ergodic) measure supported on an isolated transitive set \(\Lambda\) is the weak limit of periodic measures supported on \(\Lambda\). b) Geometric properties of invariant measures. For instance, the following results are obtained. Let \(\Lambda\) be an isolated transitive set of a \(C^1\)-generic diffeomorphism \(f\). Then every generic measure with support contained in \(\Lambda\) is ergodic, has no zero Lyapunov exponents (i.e. is nonuniformly hyperbolic) and its support is equal to \(\Lambda\). Let \(\mu\) be an ergodic measure without zero Lyapunov exponent, and whose support admits a dominated splitting corresponding to the stable/unstable spaces of \(\mu\). Then there exists stable and unstable manifolds a \(\mu\)-almost every point. c) Ergodic properties of invariant measures. For instance it is proved that any homoclinic class coincides with the support of an ergodic measure with zero entropy.