On \(v\)-adic periods of \(t\)-motives (Q448205)

Write \(\mathbb{F}_q(\theta)\), a function field over a field of \(q\)-elements, and \(\mathbb{C}_{\infty}\) the completion at \(\infty=1/\theta\)-adic completion of an algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{F}_q((\theta^{-1}))\). Denote by \(t\) a variable independent with \(\theta\). Let \(v\) be a fixed monic irreducible polynomial of the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{F}_q[t]\). The paper under review obtains results in the theory of function field transcendence theory for \(v\)-periods, these results are inspired from the results and ideas on function field transcendence theory for \(\infty\)-periods, and in particular from the work of \textit{M. A. Papanikolas} [Invent. Math. 171, No. 1, 123--174 (2008; Zbl 1235.11074)]. The author obtains different \(v\)-adic analogies from results in the \(\infty\)-adic case. Let us give a list of the contents and results of the paper. For a field \(K\) of characteristic \(p>0\), \textit{G. Anderson} in [Duke Math. J. 53, 457--502 (1986; Zbl 0679.14001)] defined the notion of \(t\)-motives over \(K\). Also any \(t\)-motive defines a \(\varphi\)-module, and we can associate different realizations to any \(\varphi\)-module. The theory of \(t\)-motives over the algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{F}_q(\theta)\) inside \(\mathbb{C}_{\infty}\), is well-understood, in particular there are comparison isomorphisms between realizations if we add some further restriction for the \(t\)-motive. A comparison isomorphism in the \(\infty\)-situation corresponds to give a period matrix \(\Psi\) where its period ring corresponds to the field of quotients of the power series \(\mathbb{C}_{\infty}[[t]]\) that converge on the closed unit disk. Papanikolas' work [op. cit.] obtained remarkable progress on the periods given by this matrix, involving \(\infty\)-adic objects. Consider \(M\) a general \(\varphi\)-module, this means an \(A\)-module with \(A\) a commutative ring and a \(\sigma\)-semilinear map \(\varphi:M\rightarrow M\) with \(\sigma\) an endomorphism of \(A\). The author in the paper under review recalls different aspects of the category of \(\varphi\)-modules over \(A\). In particular, the author defines a triple \((F,E,L)\), named \(\sigma\)-admissible, with \(F\subseteq E\subset L\) where \(F,E\) fields and \(L\) a finite product of fields (this definition extends the one in [Zbl 1235.11074] which imposes \(L\) a field and \(\sigma\) an isomorphism) and with a \(\sigma\)-admissible triple defines some sort of a Tate realization \(V(M)\) for any \(\varphi\)-module over \(E\) \(M\). \(V(M)\) is a \(F\)-vector space and we have a natural map (which plays the role of a comparison isomorphism): \[ \iota_M:L\otimes_F V(M)\rightarrow L\otimes_E M. \] The author studies the category \(\Phi M_E^L\) where its objects are \(\varphi\)-modules over \(E\) such that \(\iota_M\) is an isomorphism, (also called \(L\)-trivial \(\varphi\)-modules). The isomorphism \(\iota_M\) gives a period matrix associated to \(M\), and the author obtains different basic properties of the functor \(V\), in particular for \(\Gamma_M\), the Tannakian Galois group of \(\mathcal{T}_M\), where \(\mathcal{T}_M\) is the Tannakian subcategory generated by \(M\) in the category \(\Psi M_E^L\) and the functor \(V\). In this general setting, the author studies the Frobenius equations from the isomorphism \(\iota_M\): \[ \sigma(\Psi)=\Phi\Psi \] with \(\Psi\in \text{GL}_r(L)\) the fundamental matrix and \(\Phi\in \text{GL}_r(E)\) and constructs a functor \(\Gamma\) which is a closed \(F\)-subgroup scheme of \(\text{GL}_r\) over \(F\), we will precise these objects in the concrete \(v\)-adic setting latter on in the review. Moreover the author proves that for any \(N\in\mathcal{T}_M\) we have a natural representation over \(F\): \(\rho_N:\Gamma\rightarrow \text{GL}(V(N))\) and a closed immersion \(\pi_M\) between the affine \(F\)-schemes \(\Gamma\) and \(\Gamma_M\). In particular, the author gives conditions in order to \(\pi_M\) become an isomorphism. Moreover in Section 7, the author defines some ``formal'' polylogarithms for \(M\in\Phi_E^L\) under the assumption that \(\pi_M\) is an isomorphism, and obtains some criteria on algebraic independence (which is certain analog on algebraic independence of Carlitz logarithms). Now let us restrict to \(v\)-adic theory with \(v\in\mathbb{F}_q[t]\) a fixed monic irreducible polynomial with \(\deg (v)\geq 1\). Consider \(K/\mathbb{F}_q\) a field extension such that \(K\cap\overline{\mathbb{F}_q}=\mathbb{F}_q\), and for any field \(k\) with \(\mathbb{F}_q\subset k\) denote by \(k(t)_v:=\mathbb{F}_q(t)\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_q[t]}\text{lim proj}_n(k[t]/v^n)\). The author observes that \((\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v,K(t)_v,K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v)\) is a \(\sigma\)-admissible with \(\sigma(\sum a_it^i):=\sum a_i^q t^i\) on \(k[t]\) with \(a_i\in k\), (notice that \(K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v\) is not a field if \(\deg(v)>1\) and this is one of the reasons to extend the notion of \(\sigma\)-admissible triple given in [Zbl 1235.11074]). Then the author applies all the general machinery for \(\Phi_E^L\) for the \(\sigma\)-admissible triple \newline \((\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v,K(t)_v,K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v)\) and the category \(\Phi M_{K(t)_v}^{K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v}\). In particular, the author proves that the functor \(V\) is a tensor equivalence between \(\Phi M_{K(t)_v}^{K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v}\) and the Galois representations of \(\text{Gal}(K^{\text{sep}}/K)\) on \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\)-vector spaces. Take \(M\in \Phi M_{K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v}\), we have the isomorphism \[ \iota_M:K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v}V(M)\rightarrow K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v\otimes_{K(t)_v}M, \] and choose \(\mathfrak{m}\) a column matrix which represents a \(K(t)_v\)-basis of \(M\), and \(\Phi\in M_r(K(t)_v)\) such that \(\varphi \mathfrak{m}=\Phi\mathfrak{m}\). Because \(\iota_M\) is isomorphisms, we obtain that exists a matrix \(\Psi=(\Psi_{i,j})\in \text{GL}_r(K^{\text{sep}}(t)_v)\) such that \(\Psi^{-1}\mathfrak{m}\) is a \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\)-basis of \(V(M)\) and satisfies \[ \sigma(\Psi)=\Phi\Psi \] and in this \(v\)-adic setting the functor \(\Gamma\) is: \[ \Gamma(R):= \Aut_{\sigma}((R\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v} K(t)_v[\Psi_{1,1},\Psi_{1,2},\ldots,\Psi_{n,n},1/\det(\Psi)])/(R\otimes_{\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v}K(t)_v)) \] where \(R\) denotes a \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\)-algebra and \(\Aut_{\sigma}\) is the group of automorphism that commute with \(\sigma\). Let us state maybe the main result of the paper, which is a \(v\)-analogue of the Papanikolas results [Theorem 4.3.1,4.510] [Zbl 1235.11074]. Write \[ \Lambda:=K(t)_v(\Psi_{i,j}\mid 1\leq i,j\leq r). \] The functor \(\Gamma\) is representable by a smooth affine algebraic variety over \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\) that we denote by \(\Gamma\), the map \(\pi_N\) is an isomorphism of affine group-schemes over \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\) and \(\dim(\Gamma)\) coincides with the transcendental degree over \(K(t)_v\) of the field \(\Lambda\). To prove that \(\pi_N\) is an isomorphism, the author uses the fact that the set of \(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v\)-valued points \(\Gamma(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v)\) is Zariski dense in \(\Gamma\) from the fact that the image of \(\text{Gal}(K^{\text{sep}}/K)\) in \(\Gamma_M(\mathbb{F}_q(t)_v)\) is Zariski dense in \(\Gamma_M\). This approach differs from the \(\infty\)-case treated in [Zbl 1235.11074] where other results are used, like the ABP-criterion of \textit{G. W. Anderson}, \textit{W. D. Brownawell} and \textit{M. A. Papanikolas} [Ann. Math. (2) 160, No. 1, 237--313 (2004; Zbl 1064.11055)]. Concerning ABP-criterion, the author, to extend analogies between \(\infty\)-adic and \(v\)-adic setting, proves in Section 6 a \(v\)-adic ABP-criterion which works always when \(\deg(v)=1\) and under the assumption of a conjecture when \(\deg(v)>1\).