A counterpart to Nagata idealization (Q1939329)

Let \(S\) be a commutative ring. In this nice paper, the author develops a ring construction behaving analytically like Nagata's Idealization of an \(S\)-module. However, the structure of this new ring, \(R\), is determined by the structure of \(S\). Most importantly, if \(S\) is a domain, \(R\) is also. To construct such a ring, the author uses pullbacks of derivations introduced by [\textit{D. Ferrand} and \textit{M. Raynaud}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 3, 295--311 (1970; Zbl 0204.36601)]. In particular, for a ring \(S\), multiplicatively closed subset \(C\) and \(S\)-module \(K\), the author defines a subring \(R\) to be twisted by \(K\) along \(C\), if there is a \(C\)-linear derivation \(D\) of \(S_C\) into \(K_C\) such that \(R=S \cap D^{-1}(K)\), \(D(S_C)\) generates \(K_C\) and \(S \subseteq \text{ Ker }D + cS\) for all \(c \in C\). He strengthens this notion for a domain \(S\) with quotient field \(F\), by defining a subring \(R\) to be strongly twisted by a torsionfree \(S\)-module \(K\), if there is a derivation \(D\) of \(F\) into \(F \otimes_S K\) such that \(R=S \cap D^{-1}(K)\), \(D(F)\) generates \(F \otimes_S K\) as and \(F\)-vector space and \(S \subseteq \text{ Ker }D + sS\) for all nonzero \(s \in S\). In section 2, the author discusses properties of analytic extensions \(S\) of a ring \(A\) by a multiplicatively closed subset \(C\) in \(A\). In particular, there is a one to one correspondence of primes in \(A\) meeting \(C\) with prime ideals in \(S\) meeting \(C\). Also if \(R\) is twisted along \(C\) by an \(S\)-module which is \(C\)-torsionfree, then \(A=S \cap\text{ Ker }D\) is \(C\)-analytic, every \(R\)-submodule of \(S\) containing \(R\) is a ring and \(S/R\) is \(C\)-torsion. In section 3, the author shows that strongly twisted subrings of \(S\) exist if the field of fractions of \(S\) is separably generated and has infinite transcendence degree over a countable field of characteristic \(p>0\). Section 4 clarifies properties of twisted subrings. Most importantly, the author shows the link between subrings twisted by torsionfree submodules and Nagata's idealization. He does this by verifying that if \(R\) is a subring of \(S\) twisted along a multiplicatively closed subset \(C\) of nonzerodivisors of \(S\) by a \(C\)-torsionfree modle \(K\), the mapping \(f:R \rightarrow S \star K\) given by \(f(r)=(r,D(r))\) is an analytic isomorphism along \(C\). Moreover, this map is faithfully flat if \(R\) is strongly twisted by \(K\). He then shows that \(f\) lifts to an isomorphism of rings: \(\hat{R} \rightarrow \hat{S} \star \hat{K}\) where \(\hat{}\) denotes completion with respect to the \(m\)-adic topology. The remainder of the paper characterizes when strongly twisted subrings satisfy particular ring properties. For example, in section 5, the author shows that the subring \(R\) of the domain \(S\) which is strongly twisted by a torsionfree \(S\)-module \(K\) is Noetherian if and only if \(S\) is Noetherian and for each \(a \in S \cap \text{Ker} D\), \(K/aK\) is a finitely generated \(S\)-module. The author also exhibits if \(S\) is a domain of Krull dimension greater than 1 and \(R\) is a subring of \(S\) strongly twisted by a torsionfree \(S\)-module \(K\), then there is a non-Noetherian ring between \(R\) and \(S\). In section 6, the author determines properties of the domain \(S\) and torsionfree \(S\)-module \(K\) used to define the strongly twisted subring \(R\) which guarantee when \(R\) is Cohen Macaulay, Gorenstein, a complete intersection and a hypersurface. In section 7, the author recalls definitions of stability and links various notions of stability of the twisted subring \(R\) with \(S\) being Prüfer, Dedekind or Krull.