Even and odd instanton bundles on Fano threefolds of Picard number one (Q2449868)

The author introduces a natural notion of ``instanton bundle'' on smooth projective Fano threefolds \(X\) of Picard number equal to \(1\). Let \(F\) be a stable rank \(2\) vector bundle on such a threefold \(X\) and suppose that \(F \cong F^* \otimes \omega_X\) and \(H^1(X,F)=0\). Then tensorizing \(F\) by \(O_X(t)\) for some integer \(t\) we get a rank \(2\) stable bundle \(E=F(t)\) with Chern classes \(c_1=0\) and \(c_2=k\), for some integer \(k\). The bundle \(E\) is called ``\(k\)-instanton'', and according with the parity of \(k\), \(E\) is an ``even'' or ``odd'' instanton. The author obtains several interesting results, depending on the index \(i_X\) of \(X\) (where \(K_X=-i_X H\) being \(H\) an ample generator of the Picard group of \(X\)) of the value of \(k\), on the moduli space \(MI_X(k)\) of instanton bundles of parity \(k\). The first one is the following (Theorem A): Theorem. The moduli space \(MI_X(k)\) has a generically smooth irreducible component whose dimension is given by the number \(\delta(i_X)\) as follows: \(\delta(4)=8k-3, \delta(3)=6k-6, \delta(2)=4k-3\). If \(X\) is not-hyperelliptic and contains a line \(l\) with normal bundle \(O_l \oplus O_l(-1)\) then \(\delta(1)=2k-g_X-2\) where \(g_X\) is the genus of \(X\). Moreover it is empty when \(i_X=2\) and \(k=1\) and when \(i_X=1\) and \(2k-g_X-2<0\). In Theorem \(B\), moreover an interpretation of \(k\)-instanton bundles as the cohomology of monads on those \(X\) for which \(H^3(X)=0\) is given.