Existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear evolution inclusions with nonlocal conditions (Q467401)

This articles proves several theorems for the nonlinear first-order evolution inclusion with nonlocal condition \[ \begin{aligned} &\dot{x}(t)+A(t,x(t))+F(t,x(t))\ni f(t)\text{ on }I\equiv [ 0,T],\\ &x(0)=\varphi (x),\end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(A:I\times V\rightarrow V^{\ast }\), \(V\) is a dense subspace of the real separable Hilbert space \(H\), the perturbation term \(F\) maps \(I\times H\) into the nonempty subsets of \(V^{\ast }\), \(f\in X^{\ast }\), where \(X=L_{p}(I,V)\), \(p\geq 1\) and \(\varphi :H\rightarrow H\). Throughout the paper, \(A(\cdot ,x)\) is assumed to be measurable for each \(x\), \(A(t,\cdot )\) is demicontinuous and pseudomonotone for almost all \(t\), \(A\) satisfies a growth condition, and \(\varphi \) is linear and continuous. Note that \(\varphi \) is not required to satisfy any compactness assumptions, and it covers special cases such as periodic, antiperiodic and average value conditions. In Theorem 3.1, under the assumptions \(F\) is closed and convex valued, \(F(\cdot ,x)\) is measurable for each \(x\in H\), \(F(t,\cdot )\) is sequentially closed for almost all \(t\) and \(F\) satisfies a growth condition, the solution set of (1) is nonempty, weakly compact in \(W_{pq}(I)\) and compact in \(C(I,H)\), where \(W_{pq}(I)=\left\{ x\in X\text{ such that }\dot{x}\in X^{\ast }\right\} \) with norm \(\left\| x\right\| _{W_{pq}}=\left\| x\right\| _{X}+\left\| \dot{x}\right\| _{X^{\ast }}\) and \(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1\). \ In Theorem 3.2, the assumptions on \(F\) are replaced by \(F\) is closed (but not necessarily convex) valued, \(F(\cdot ,x)\) is graph measurable for each \(x\in H\), \(F(t,\cdot )\) is lower semicontinuous for almost all \(t\) and \(F\) satisfies a growth condition, and it is proven that the solution set to (1) is nonempty. \ Assuming now that \(F\) is weakly compact and convex valued, \(F(\cdot ,x)\) is measurable for each \(x\in H\), \(F(t,\cdot )\) is continuous for almost all \(t\) and \(F\) satisfies a growth condition, Theorem 3.3 demonstrates existence of solutions for the problem \[ \begin{aligned} &\dot{x}(t)+A(t,x(t))+\text{ext}F(t,x(t))\ni f(t)\text{ on }{\mathrm {I}} \\ & x(0)=\varphi (x).\end{aligned}\tag{2} \] Finally, a relaxation theorem is given in Theorem 3.4: Assuming again \(F\) is weakly compact and convex valued, \(F(\cdot ,x)\) is measurable for each \(x\in H\), \(F(t,\cdot )\) is continuous for almost all \(t\) and \(F\) satisfies a growth condition, and now that \(F\) satisfies a Lipschitz type assumption and under the additional assumption that \(A(t,\cdot )\) is monotone for almost all \(t\), it is proven that the closure of the solution set of (2) in \(C(I,H)\) is the same as the solution set of (1). In Section 4, Theorem 3.1 is applied to a nonlinear hyperbolic control problem with a state-dependent control constraint set and a ``bang-bang'' principle is proven using Theorem 3.3. This article extends several results in the literature, the most recent of which is [\textit{X. Xue} and \textit{Y. Cheng}, Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 11, No. 1, 459--471 (2010; Zbl 1192.34051)]. A number of familiar tools are used in the proofs, such as the Dunford-Pettis Theorem, Aumann's selection theorem, Fatou's lemma, Mazur's theorem, the Gronwall-Bellman inequality and an integration by parts formula from \textit{E. Zeidler} [Nonlinear functional analysis and its applications. II/A: Linear monotone operators. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag (1990; Zbl 0684.47028)].