Kurzweil type metrical Diophantine properties in the field of formal Laurent series (Q2257660)

Let \({\mathbb F}_q\) be a finite field with \(q\) elements and \({\mathbb K}={\mathbb F}_q((X^{-1}))\) the field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in \({\mathbb F}_q\), endowed with the absolute value normalized by \(|f|=q^d\) for \(f\in{\mathbb F}_q[X]\setminus\{0\}\) of degree \(d\). Let \(\mu\) be the Haar measure on \({\mathbb K}\) normalized to be \(1\) on the set \({\mathbb L}\) of \(f\in{\mathbb K}\) with \(|f|<1\). For \(f\in {\mathbb K}\), write \(f=[f]+\{f\}\) with \([f]\in {\mathbb F}_q[X]\) and \(\{f\}\in{\mathbb L}\). Let \(f\in {\mathbb K}\setminus{\mathbb F}_q(X)\). Given a sequence \({\mathbf r}=(r_n)_{n\geq 0}\) of positive real numbers, denote by \(G(f,{\mathbf r})\) the set of \(g\in {\mathbb K}\) such that, for infinitely many \(n\), there exists \(Q\in{\mathbb F}_q[X]\) of degree \(n\) with \(|\{Qf\}-g|<r_n\). In a previous paper [Acta Arith. 150, No. 2, 129--142 (2011; Zbl 1248.11050)] the first author and \textit{H. Nakada} proved that if the sequence \(\mathbf r\) is given by \(r_n=cq^{-n}\) with \(c>0\), then \(\mu(G(f,{\mathbf r}))=1\). In the present paper, the authors investigate the exceptional set \(E(f,{\mathbf r})\) which is the set of \(g\in {\mathbb L}\) for which \[ \liminf_{n\rightarrow \infty} \left( q^n \min_{\deg Q=n} |\{Qf\}-g|\right)>0. \] They prove that for the sequence \({\mathbf r}=(cq^{-n})\), the Hausdorff dimension of \(E(f,{\mathbf r})\) is \(1\). They also extend another result (corresponding to \(s=1\)) of the above mentioned paper by proving that for \(s\geq 1\) and \(f\in{\mathbb K}\setminus{\mathbb F}_q(X)\), the two following conditions are equivalent: (i) there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that, for any \(Q\in{\mathbb F}_q[X]\), \(|\{Qf\}|>\frac{C}{|Q|^s}\); (ii) for any sequence \({\mathbf r}\) with \(\sum_n q^n r_n^s = \infty\), \(\mu(G(f,{\mathbf r}))=1\). The real analogue of these questions have been investigated by several authors; see for instance \textit{Y. Bugeaud} et al. [Mathematika 56, No. 2, 193--202 (2010; Zbl 1227.11095)].