30 years of Calderón's problem (Q2354224)

The article surveys some of the most important developments since the 1980 paper of A. P. Calderón in which he proposed the problem of determining the conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at the boundary. Namely, the mathematical problem is the following. Let \(\Omega \in\mathbb R^n\) be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. The electrical conductivity of \(\Omega\) is represented by a bounded and positive function \(\gamma(x)\). Given a potential \(f \in H^{1/2}(\partial \Omega)\) on the boundary, the induced potential \(u \in H^{1}(\Omega)\) solves the Dirichlet problem \( \nabla \cdot (\gamma \nabla u)=0\) in \(\Omega\) and \(u|_{\partial \Omega} =f \). The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, or voltage-to-current map, is given by \[ \Lambda_{\gamma} (f)= \left . \left ( \gamma \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} \right ) \right |_{\partial \Omega}, \] where \(\nu\) denotes the unit normal to \(\partial \Omega\). The inverse problem is to determine \(\gamma\) knowing \(\Lambda\). In accordance with Calderón's point of view, the problem can be changed to finding enough solutions \(u \in H^{1}(\Omega)\) of the above equation in order to find \(\gamma\) in the interior. These are the complex geometrical optics solutions particularly considered in the paper. The list of references contains 123 papers but even such a detailed list cannot be complete.