Positive periodic solutions for a first order singular ordinary differential equation generated by impulses (Q1617243)

This paper is devoted to the solvability of the following singular boundary value problem with impulsive effects \[ x'(t)=-g(x(t))+e(t), \] \[ \Delta x(t_k)=x(t^+_k)-x(t^-_k)=I_k(x(t_k)),\, k=1,\dots,q, \] \[ x(0)=x(T),\, T>0, \] where \(g:(0,\infty)\to(0,\infty)\) is a continuous and bijective function such that \(\lim_{t\to 0^+}g(t)=+\infty\) and \(\lim_{t\to\infty}g(t)=0,\) \(e:\mathbb R\to \mathbb R\) is a continuous and \(T\)-periodic function, \(t_1,\dots ,t_q,\) with \(0=t_0<t_1<\dots<t_q<t_{q+1}=T\), are the points where the impulses occur, and \(I_k:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R\), \(k=1,\dots,q,\) are continuous functions. The existence of at least one positive \(T\)-periodic solution follows from the additional assumption that there exist \(m_k\), \(M_k\in\mathbb R\), \(k=1,\dots,q,\) such that \(m_k\leq I_k(s)\leq M_k\) for \(s>0\), \(0<m_1+\dots +m_q+\int^T_0e(t)dt\) and if \(\widetilde{M_k}=\max\{| M_k|,| m_k|\},\) then \[ g^{-1}\left(\frac{M_1+\dots +M_q}{T}+T^{-1}\int^T_0e(t)dt\right) \] \[ >\int^T_0e(t)dt+\int^T_0| e(t)| dt+\sum^q_{k=1}(M_k+\widetilde{M_k}). \] To prove the main result the authors use properties of a Fredholm mapping of index \(0\) and a classical result due to \textit{R. E. Gaines} and \textit{J. L. Mawhin} [Coincidence degree, and nonlinear differential equations. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer-Verlag (1977; Zbl 0339.47031)].