Threshold behavior in a stochastic algal growth model with stoichiometric constraints and seasonal variation (Q2297250)

A lot of research has been published in the literature -- physiological, environmental and mathematical, carried out in order to understand the mechanisms of algal bloom. The study mainly focused on tracking the flow of energy among algae populations and therefore cannot adequately describe some environmental observations, especially when an essential nutrient is limited in the ecosystem. This article studies the stoichiometric model of algae during environmental fluctuations, and derives conditions on how stochastic vibrations, light intensity, and nutrient availability affect algae populations. The results show that the presence of nutrients and environmental fluctuations play a key role in stopping the flowering of algae, and they are more important than the light intensity for the survival of algae. In particular, nutrient availability and environmental variations can determine whether algae species can survive, and whenever algae can survive, light intensity affects the long-term average density of algae populations. The article shows that blocking the flow of nutrients from rivers can be a more effective way than periodically removing algae when the algae stops flowering. However, it is important that the minimum level of blocking for the successful termination of the stochastic system should be greater than the corresponding deterministic one. It is worth noting that the stochastic model better matches the 2007 data of the Bohai Sea, confirming the model and its results. The authors determined the threshold value, which determines whether the population of algae will remain on average or disappear. To reveal the influence of environmental fluctuations on planktonic blooms and explain the nature of periodic flowers, the existence of a positive stochastic periodic solution and its global attractiveness is proved. In conclusion, the theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments on the developed model.