The Calderón problem for the fractional Schrödinger equation (Q2307515)

Investigating the Calderón's inverse problem has been an interesting topic of research due to the importance of studying this problem and their applications in science and engineering. The fundamental goal of studying this problem is to determine the internal properties, i.e. electrical conductivity of a medium from different measurements such as voltage and current on its boundary. For more information about this problem and its developments, we refer to [\textit{G. Uhlmann}, Sémin. Laurent Schwartz, EDP Appl. 2012--2013, Exp. No. XIII, 25 p. (2014; Zbl 1331.35394)] and [\textit{J. Feldman} et al., The Calderón Problem -- An introduction to Inverse Problems. Theories and Numerics of Inverse Problems. Institute for Mathematical Sciences National University of Singapore (2018)]. Many researchers have recently studied nonlocal modeling, analysis, and applications (see [\textit{Q. Du}, Nonlocal modeling, analysis, and computation. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) (2019; Zbl 1423.00007)]). In this research paper, the authors have successfully discussed the nonlocal inverse problem of the fractional Schrödinger equation (NIPFSE) which is rarely discussed in research, and studying the analysis of nonlocal Calderón's inverse problem is different from the classical one that is commonly presented in the literature. NIPFSE can be defined and written as follows: Given \(s\in(0,1)\), \(((-\Delta)^{s}+q)u=0\) in \(\Omega\) where the fractional Laplacian is: \((-\Delta)^{s}u=\mathscr{F}^{-1}\{|\xi|^{2s} \hat u (\xi)\}\), such that \(u \in H^{s}(\Re^{n})\) and \(\hat u =\mathscr{F}u\), and \(H^{s}\) represent the \(L^{2}\)-based Sobolev spaces. Since the boundary measurements are represented by the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (DN map), then the nonlocal Dirichlet-to-Neumann map can be defined as the authors mentioned in this research paper: Given \(s\in(0,1)\), \(\Omega\) has \(C^{\infty}\) boundary, exterior, \(f\), and potential, \(q\), are more regular, and \(((-\Delta)^{s}+q)u=0\) in \(\Omega\) has a solution. \(u\), with an exterior value, f. There exists, \(\beta\), such that \(\beta \in (max\{0,s-\frac{1}{2}\},\frac{1}{2})\), then DN map, denoted by \(\bigwedge_{q}\) can be written as: \(\bigwedge_{q}: H^{s+\beta}(\Omega_{e})\rightarrow H^{-s+\beta}(\Omega_{e})\), where \(\bigwedge_{q}f=(-\Delta)^{s}u|_{\Omega_{e}}\). Throughout this great research work, the authors have successfully proved the main theorem 1.1 in their paper for any dimension \(n \geq 1\) and solved NIPFSE based on a strong approximation property to show the global uniqueness of NIPFSE for both full data where there is unknown potential in a bounded domain determined by exterior solutions' measurements, and for the partial data problem with exterior Dirichlet and Neumann measurements in arbitrary open, possibly disjoint, sets denoted by \(W_{1}, W_{2}\) which are subsets of the exterior, \(\Omega_{e}\) as discussed in the paper.