Bryant-Salamon \(\mathrm{G}_2\) manifolds and coassociative fibrations (Q2662734)

This article starts with a recollection of the main notions of the geometry of \(\mathrm{G}_2\) manifolds. It proposes a definition of coassociative fibration (fibration as a family of submanifolds with possibly not necessarily disjoint nor non-singular submanifolds -- or should we say a possibly non-singular \textit{foliation}?) in the context of \(\mathrm{G}_2\) manifolds. Also hypersymplectic geometry is briefly discussed as it is needed for the induced structure on each coassociative submanifold. Then the Bryant-Salamon structures are recalled, i.e., the complete, with \(\mathrm{G}_2\) holonomy, metrics on the spinor bundle of \(S^3\), the bundle of anti-selfdual 2-forms on \(S^4\) or on \(\mathbb{CP}^2\). The three cases are thus re-appreciated as coassociative fibrations, together with asymptotically conical structures induced by the zero section. If the first case is essentially trivial, the others ``are much more complicated and interesting''. Let us give a hint about the three new developments in the article. Let \(M = \mathbb{S}(S^3)\) with the Bryant-Salamon torsion-free \(\mathrm{G}_2\)-structures \(\varphi_c\) (a one-parameter \(c>0\) family), and let \(M_0 = \mathbb{R}^+\times S^3 \times S^3= \mathbb{S}(S^3)\backslash S^3\) be its asymptotic cone, with the conical \(\mathrm{G}_2\)-structure \(\varphi_0\). Then both \(M\) and \(M_0\) are described as coassociative fibrations over \(S^3\). Specifically the authors prove the following result (Theorem 4.1): (a) The canonical projection \(\pi : M \rightarrow S^3\) is a coassociative fibration with respect to \(\varphi_c\), where the fibres are all \(\mathrm{SO}(4)\)-invariant and diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^4\). (b) The canonical projection \(\pi: M_0 \rightarrow S^3\) is a coassociative fibration with respect to \(\varphi_0\), where the fibres are all \(\mathrm{SO}(4)\)-invariant and diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^4\backslash\{0\}\). A similar result is deduced with \(M=\Lambda^2_-(T^*S^4)\) and \(M_0 = \mathbb{R}^+\times\mathbb{CP}^3\) as the asymptotic cone, with the conical \(\mathrm{G}_2\)-structure \(\varphi_0\). Then (Theorem 5.1) it is proved essentially that both \((M ,\varphi_c)\) and \((M_0 ,\varphi_0 )\) can be realized as \(\mathrm{SO}(3)\)-invariant coassociative fibrations whose fibres are generically smooth and diffeomorphic to \(T^*S^2\)=\(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{CP}^1}(-2)\), and whose singular fibres consist of a circle of \((\mathbb{R}^+ \times \mathbb{RP}^3 )\cup \{0\}\) singular fibres in \(M\), and a single \(\mathbb{R}^+\times\mathbb{RP}^3\) singular fibre in \(M_0\). In regard to the pair \(M=\Lambda^2_-(T^*\mathbb{CP}^2)\) and \(M_0 = \mathbb{R}^+\times(\mathrm{SU}(3)/T^2)=M\backslash\mathbb{CP}^2\) as the asymptotic cone, it is proved (Theorem 6.1) that for every \(c\geq 0\), there is a 3-parameter family of \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\)-invariant coassociative 4-folds which, together with the zero section \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) if \(c > 0\), forms a coassociative fibration of \((M , \varphi_c)\) if \(c > 0\) or \((M_0 ,\varphi_0)\) if \(c = 0\), in the sense of the definition proposed by the authors. (a) The generic fibre in the fibration is smooth and diffeomorphic to \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{CP}^1}(-1)\). Each \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{CP}^1}(-1)\) fibre generically intersects a 2-parameter family of other \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{CP}^1}(-1)\) fibres in the \(\mathbb{CP}^1\) zero section. (b) The other fibres in the fibration (other than the zero section \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) if \(c > 0\)) form a codimension-1 subfamily and are each diffeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^+ \times S^3\). Moreover, these \(\mathbb{R}^+\times S^3\) fibres do not intersect any other fibres. In all three cases a study of the induced Riemannian and hypersymplectic geometry on the coassociative fibres is accomplished.