Schwarz reflections and anti-holomorphic correspondences (Q2032938)

The authors continue exploration of the dynamical and parameter planes of Schwarz reflections. Let \(\Omega\) be a domain on the Riemann sphere \(\hat{\mathbb C}\), \(\Omega\neq\hat{\mathbb C}\), \(\infty\notin\partial\Omega\), \(\text{int}\;\overline{\Omega}=\Omega\). A continuous function \(S:\overline{\Omega}\to\hat{\mathbb C}\) is a Schwarz function of \(\Omega\) if \(S\) is meromorphic on \(\Omega\) and \(S(z)=\overline z\) on \(\partial\Omega\). Such a domain \(\Omega\) is a quadrature domain if it admits a Schwarz function. The paper is focused on a family \(\mathcal S\) of Schwarz reflections associated with simply connected bounded quadrature domains that appear as univalent images of disks under a fixed cubic polynomial. For such a maximal disk centered at \(a\), the corresponding Schwarz reflection map is denoted by \(\sigma_a\). The connectedness locus \(\mathcal C(\mathcal S)\) of \(\mathcal S\) is the set of maps in \(\mathcal S\) with connected non-escaping set. The parabolic Tricorn is the connectedness locus \(\mathcal C(\mathfrak L_0)\) of a suitable slice \(\mathfrak L_0\) of quadratic anti-holomorphic rational maps with a persistent parabolic fixed point. The abstract connectedness loci \(\overset\sim{{\mathcal C(\mathcal S)}}\) and \(\overset\sim{{\mathcal C(\mathfrak L_0)}}\) are defined as locally connected combinatorial models of the corresponding connectedness loci. At the level of parameter spaces, there is a straightening map \(\chi\) from \(\mathcal C(\mathcal S)\) to \(\mathcal C(\mathfrak L_0)\). The combinatorial model of connectedness locus is given in the following theorem. Theorem 1.1. The abstract connectedness locus \(\overset\sim{{\mathcal C(\mathcal S)}}\) of \(\mathcal S\) is homeomorphic to the abstract parabolic Tricorn \(\overset\sim{{\mathcal C(\mathfrak L_0)}}\). The authors define a 2:2 anti-holomorphic correspondence \(\overset\sim{\sigma_a}^*\) on \(\hat{\mathbb C}\) for every \(a\in\mathcal C(\mathcal S)\) by lifting the action of \(\sigma_a\) by the cubic polynomial \(f\). This yields the following anti-holomorphic correspondences as matings. Theorem 1.2. For each \(a\in\mathcal C(\mathcal S)\), the Riemann sphere \(\hat{\mathbb C}\) can be decomposed into two \(\overset\sim{\sigma_a}^*\)-invariant subsets; namely, the lifted tiling set and the lifted non-escaping set. On the lifted tiling set, the dynamics of the correspondence \(\overset\sim{\sigma_a}^*\) is equivalent to the action of the abstract modular group \(\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z*\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z\), and on a suitable subset of the lifted non-escaping set, a forward branch of the correspondence is conjugate to the anti-rational map \(R_{\chi(a)}\). Denote \[R_{\alpha,A}=e^{i\alpha}\left(\overline z+\frac{1}{\overline z}\right)+A,\] \[\alpha\in\mathbb R/2\pi\mathbb Z,\;\;A\neq0,\;\;\arg A\in\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\alpha}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}\right).\] The next theorem realizes matings as correspondences. Theorem 1.3. For every \((\alpha,A)\in\mathcal C(\mathfrak L_0)\) that lies in the closure of hyperbolic parameters, there exists a unique \(a\in\mathcal C(\mathcal S)\) such that the correspondence \(\overset\sim{\sigma_a}^*\) is a mating of the rational map \(R_{\alpha,A}\) and the abstract modular group \(\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z*\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z\).