Symmetric functions and Springer representations (Q2076505)

By the classical theory of symmetric functions, there are four special bases \(\{s_\lambda\}_\lambda\), \(\{Q^\vee_\lambda\}_\lambda\), \(\{Q_\lambda\}_\lambda\), and \(\{S_\lambda\}_\lambda\) of the space of symmetric functions, called the Schur, Hall-Littlewood \(P\)-, Hall-Littlewood \(Q\)-, and big Schur functions, respectively. They satisfy nice properties such as orthogonality, triangularity, Pieri and Littlewood-Richardson rules on the multiplication, which are extensively used in various area. The paper under review gives a unified interpretation of these bases in terms of graded modules over the ring \(A := \mathbb{C}[\mathfrak{S}_n] \ltimes \mathbb{C}[x_1,\dotsc,x_n]\) along the theory of Kosoka system introduced by the author in [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 48, No. 5, 1035--1074 (2015; Zbl 1367.20038)]. The simple graded \(A\)-modules are parametrized by partitions \(\lambda\) of \(n\), and denoted by \(L_\lambda\). Then one has a sequence of \(A\)-module surjections \(P_\lambda \to \widetilde{K}_\lambda \to K_\lambda \to L_\lambda\) with \(P_\lambda\) a chosen projective cover of \(L_\lambda\). The crucial point of the argument is the usage of the Garsia-Procesi basis [\textit{A. M. Garsia} and \textit{C. Procesi}, Adv. Math. 94, No. 1, 82--138 (1992; Zbl 0797.20012)], which enables one to analyze \(K_\lambda^*\) in great detail. Then one obtains homological results on the graded \(A\)-modules \(P_\lambda\), \(\widetilde{K}_\lambda\), \(K_\lambda\) and \(L_\lambda\) (Theorems A,C). The four bases mentioned in the beginning are recovered as the twisted Frobenius characteristic of these graded modules, and several properties of the symmetric functions can also be re-derived (Corollaries 2.39,2.40).