A critical elliptic problem involving fractional Laplacian operator in domains with shrinking holes (Q2420543)

Let a domain \(\Omega_\varepsilon \subset \mathbb{R}^N\), \(N \geq 2\), be of the form \(D \setminus \bigcup_{i=1}^k B_{\tau_i(\varepsilon)}(a_i)\), where \(D \subset \mathbb{R}^N\) is a bounded domain, \(B_{\tau_i(\varepsilon)}(a_i)\) is a closed \(N\)-ball of radius \(\tau_i(\varepsilon)\) centred at \(a_i \in D\), \(\tau_i(\varepsilon) \to 0\) as \(\varepsilon \to 0\), and \(k \geq 1\). The authors study the multiplicity and behaviour of solutions of the problem \[ \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^s u = u^{2^*_s-1},\quad u>0 & \text{ in }\Omega_\varepsilon,\\ u = 0 &\text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N \setminus \Omega_\varepsilon, \end{cases} \] where \((-\Delta )^s\) is the fractional Laplacian, \(s \in (0,1)\), and \(2^*_s = \frac{2N}{N-2s}\) is the critical exponent. The following result is obtained. There exists \(\varepsilon_0 > 0\), depending only on \(D\), such that for any \(\varepsilon \in (0, \varepsilon_0]\) and any \(i=1,\dots,k\), there exits a solution \(u_\varepsilon\) of this problem of the form \[ u_\varepsilon = P_\varepsilon w_{\xi_\varepsilon, \lambda_\varepsilon} + \omega_\varepsilon \] satisfying \[ \lambda_\varepsilon \tau_i^{1/2}(\varepsilon) \to \text{conts}>0, \quad |\xi_\varepsilon - a_i| = O(\tau_i^\frac{1+\sigma}{2}(\varepsilon)) ~\text{for some}~ \sigma>0, \quad \|\omega_\varepsilon\| \to 0, \] as \(\varepsilon \to 0\). Here \(P_\varepsilon w_{\xi, \lambda}\) satisfies \[ \begin{cases} (-\Delta)^s v = w_{\xi, \lambda}^{2^*_s-1}, ~v>0 & \text{ in } \Omega_\varepsilon,\\ v = 0 & \text{ in }\mathbb{R}^N \setminus \Omega_\varepsilon, \end{cases} \] where \[ w_{\xi, \lambda} = 2^\frac{N-2s}{2} \frac{\Gamma(\frac{N+2s}{2})}{\Gamma(\frac{N-2s}{2})} \left(\frac{\lambda}{1+\lambda^2 |x-\xi|^2}\right)^\frac{N-2s}{2} \] is the solution of the equation \[ (-\Delta)^s v = v^{2^*_s-1}, \quad v>0, \quad\text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^N. \]