Semiclassical states for weakly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger systems (Q2478606)

The authors consider semiclassical states for a system of two coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and study the system \((S_\varepsilon):-\varepsilon^2\Delta u+ V(x) u= u^3+ bv^2 u\), \(-\varepsilon^2\Delta v+ W(x) v= v^3+ bu^2 v\), \(x\in\mathbb{R}^3\). Two Hölder continuous potentials \(V(x)\), \(W(x)\) satisfy \(V(x)\), \(W(x)\geq\alpha\) \((>0)\) for all \(x\in\mathbb{R}^3\). Solution \((u,v)\) is a critical point of \(J_\varepsilon: J_\varepsilon(u,v)+ \int_{\mathbb{R}^3} F(u,v)=(\| u\|^2_{\varepsilon,v}+\| v\|^2_{\varepsilon,w})/2= \|(u,v)\|_{H^2}/2\), \(F(u,v)= (u^4+ 2bu^2 v^4)/4\) with \(b> 0\), \(\| u\|^2_{\varepsilon, v}= \varepsilon^2\|\nabla u\|^2_2+ \int_{\mathbb{R}^3}V(x) u^2\). Theorem. Assume that there exists \(z\in\mathbb{R}^3\), \(r> 0\) such that \(V_0= \min_{B(z,r)}V< \min_{\partial B(z,r)} V\), \(W_0= \min_{B(z,r)} W< \min_{\partial B(z,r)}W\). Then there exists \(\varepsilon_0> 0\) such that, for \(0<\forall\varepsilon< \varepsilon_0\), problem \((S_\varepsilon)\) admits a nontrivial solution \((u_\varepsilon, v_\varepsilon)\in H\), \(u_\varepsilon, v_\varepsilon\geq 0\), such that the following facts hold: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(u_\varepsilon+ v_\varepsilon\) has exactly one global maximum point \(x_\varepsilon\in B(z, r)\) with \(\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}V(x_\varepsilon)= V_0\) or \(\lim_{\varepsilon\to 0} W(x_\varepsilon)= W_0\); \(u_\varepsilon(x)+ v_\varepsilon(x)\leq \mu_1\exp(- \mu_2|x- x_\varepsilon|/\varepsilon)\), \(\mu_1, \mu_2> 0\), for \(\forall x\in\mathbb{R}^3\). \item[(ii)] If \(b< b_0\), there exists \(\sigma> 0\) such that, for \(0<\forall\varepsilon< \varepsilon_0\), either \(\{u_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\to 0\), \(v_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\geq \sigma\}\), or \(\{v_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\to 0\), \(u_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\geq \sigma\}\). If \(b> b_1\) \((>b_0)\), \(\forall\sigma> 0: u_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\geq \sigma\), \(v_\varepsilon(x_\varepsilon)\geq \sigma\). \end{itemize}} They also prove (i), (ii) etc. under the condition \[ \exists(z\in\mathbb{R}^4,\,r> 0): \Sigma_0= \min_{B(z,r)}\Sigma(z)\leq \min_{\partial B(z,r)}\Sigma(z), \] of the ground energy function \(\Sigma(z)= \text{inf}_{Nz} I_z\). The authors define the concentration set (\(C\)-set) for \((S_\varepsilon): \{z\in\mathbb{R}^3\); \(\exists(u_\varepsilon, v_\varepsilon)\in H\) such that \((u_\varepsilon, v_\varepsilon)(z+ \varepsilon x)\to 0\) as \(x\to\infty\), \(\varepsilon^{-3} J_\varepsilon(u_\varepsilon, v_\varepsilon)\to \Sigma(z)\) as \(\varepsilon\to 0\}\). Under the condition \(|\nabla V(x)|\), \(|\nabla W(x)|< \beta e^{\gamma|x|}\) for \(\forall x\in\mathbb{R}^3\), they give the sets, including \(C\)-set, by using \(0_b= \{z\in\mathbb{R}^3;\,b_z\geq b\}\), \(b_z= \max\{(W(z)/V(z))^{1/4}\), \((V(z)/W(z))^{1/4}\}\), \(\text{Crit}(V)= \{z\in 0_b:\nabla V(z)= 0\}\) etc.