Causal independence and the energy-level density of states in local quantum field theory (Q580676)

The authors show here a sharpened version of the compact criterion by Haag and Swieca, called condition of nuclearity. It ensures a particle interpretation. Let \({\mathcal O}_ r\) denote the ``double cone'' with base \(B_ r=\{x\in R^ 3;| x| <r\}\) at the time \(t=0\), \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal O}_ r)\) denote the algebra of local observables associated with \({\mathcal O}_ r\), and \({\mathcal L}_ r=\{W\Omega;W\in {\mathcal A}({\mathcal O}_ r),W^*W=1\}\). A subset \({\mathcal N}\) of a Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}\) is called a nuclear set if there exists a sequence of pairs \((\ell_ n,\Phi_ n)\) of linear functionals and unit vectors such that \(\sum_{n}\ell_ n(\Psi)\cdot \Phi_ n=\Psi\) for all \(\Psi\in {\mathcal N}\) and \(\sum_{n}\lambda_ n=\sum_{n}\sup \{| \ell_ n(\Psi)|;\Psi \in {\mathcal N}\}<\infty\) hold. In this case \(\nu\) (\({\mathcal N})\) denotes the infimum of \(\sum_{n}\lambda_ n\) with respect to the choice of \(\{(\ell_ n,\Phi_ n);n\in {\mathfrak N}\}.\) Condition of Nuclearity. The set \(e^{-\beta H}{\mathcal L}_ r\) must be nuclear for all \(\beta >0\) and \(r>0\), where H is energy. Moreover, there must exist positive c, n and \(r_ 0\), \(\beta_ 0\) such that \(\nu (e^{-\beta H}{\mathcal L}_ r)\leq \exp (cr^ 3\beta^{-n})\) for all \(r\geq r_ 0\) and \(0<\beta \leq \beta_ 0.\) The authors show that the condition is satisfied by the free-field theory of a single spinless particle of mass \(m>0\). Their main result on a local net \({\mathcal O}\to {\mathcal G}({\mathcal O})\) of von Neumann algebras is the following: under the condition of nuclearity there exists for any bounded region \({\mathcal O}_ 1\) another bounded region \({\mathcal O}_ 2\supset {\mathcal O}_ 1\) such that :(i) There is an isometry V mapping \({\mathcal H}\) onto \({\mathcal H}\otimes {\mathcal H}\) such hat \(VA_ 1A_ 2'V=A_ 1\otimes A_ 2'\) for all \(A_ 1\in {\mathcal A}({\mathcal O}_ 1)\) and \(A_ 2'\in {\mathcal G}({\mathcal O}_ 2)'.\) ii) There exists a factor \({\mathcal M}\) of type I such that the relation \({\mathcal A}({\mathcal O}_ 1)\subset {\mathcal M}\subset {\mathcal A}({\mathcal O}_ 2)\) holds.