The rational torsion subgroup of \(J_0(N)\) (Q6103501)

Let \(N\) be a positive integer and \(\Gamma_0(N)\) be the congruence subgroup of \(SL_2(\mathbb{Z})\) consisting of matrices that are upper-triangular modulo \(N\). The complete modular curve \(X_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}}\) is the union of the affine modular curve \(Y_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}} = \Gamma_0(N)\setminus \mathcal{H}\) and a finite set of cusps, where \(\mathcal{H}\) is the complex upper half plane and \(\Gamma_0(N)\) acts on \(\mathcal{H}\) by linear fractional transformation. The curve \(X_0(N)_{\mathbb{C}}\) has a canonical nonsingular projective model \(X_0(N)\) defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\), and in this model the set of cusps is invariant under the action of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\), the absolute Galois group of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Denote by \(J_0(N)\) the Jacobian variety of \(X_0(N)\) and \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}\) its rational torsion subgroup. Further, denote by \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}[p^{\infty}]\) the \(p\)-primary subgroup of \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{\mathrm{tors}}}\). A rational cuspidal divisor, is a divisor supported only on the cusps and fixed under the action of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\bar{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})\). We denote by \(\mathcal{C}(N)\) the subgroup of \(J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})\) generated by the linear equivalence classes of the degree 0 rational cuspidal divisors on \(X_0(N)\), and by \(C(N)[p^{\infty}]\) the \(p\)-primary subgroup of \(C(N)\). Let \(N\) be a positive integer, and suppose that \(p\) is any odd prime whose square does not divide \(N\). In this paper, it is proved that if \(p \geq 5\), then we have \(C(N)[p^{\infty}] = J_0(N)(\mathbb{Q})_{\mathrm{tors}}\). Also, for a prime \( p = 3\) the above equality holds under the extra assumption that either \(N\) is not divisible by 3 or there is a prime divisor of \(N\) congruent to \(-1\) modulo 3. The proof uses the theory of Eisenstein ideals.