Adapted complex structures and the geodesic flow (Q540430)

Let \((M, g)\) be a compact \(n\)-dimensional real-analytic Riemannian manifold and \(T^R M := \{w \in TM \;: g(w, w) < R\}\). Moreover, for any \(v \in T_xM\), \(x = \pi(v) \in M\), let \[ \Psi^{(v)}: S_R = \{ \sigma + i \tau \in \mathbb C: |\tau| < R\;\} \subset \mathbb C \longrightarrow T^R M,\qquad \Psi^{(v)}(\sigma + i \tau) = (\gamma^{(v)}_\sigma, \tau \dot \gamma^{(v)}_\sigma), \] where \( \gamma^{(v)}_\sigma\) is the geodesic with \(\gamma^{(v)}_0 = x\) and \(\dot \gamma^{(v)}_0 = v\). \textit{L. Lempert} and \textit{R. Szöke} [``Global solutions of the homogeneous complex Monge-Ampère equation and complex structures on the tangent bundle of Riemannian manifolds'', Math. Ann. 290, No.~4, 689--712 (1991; Zbl 0752.32008)] and \textit{R. Szöke} [``Complex structures on tangent bundles of Riemannian manifolds'', Math. Ann. 291, No.~3, 409--428 (1991; Zbl 0749.53021)] showed that, for \(R\) sufficiently small, there exists a unique complex structure \(J\) on \(T^RM\), called adapted complex structure, such that, for any \(v\) of unitary length, the application \(\Psi^{(v)}\) is holomorphic as a map from \(S_R \subset \mathbb C\) into \((T^R M, J)\). It is known that such a complex structure coincides with the complex structure introduced by \textit{V. Guillemin} and \textit{M. Stenzel} in [``Grauert tubes and the homogeneous Monge-Ampère equation'', J. Differ. Geom. 34, No.~2, 561--570 (1991; Zbl 0746.32005); ``Grauert tubes and the homogeneous Monge-Ampère equation. II'', J. Differ. Geom. 35, No.~3, 627--641 (1992; Zbl 0789.32010)] and characterized by other geometric properties. In this paper, the authors consider the natural symplectic structure \(\omega\) of \(TM \simeq T^* M\), the 1-parameter family of symplectomorphisms \(\Phi: \mathbb R \times TM \to TM\) given by the geodesic flow and, for any \(v \in T M\), the map \[ P^{(v)}: \mathbb R \to \mathcal L_v \subset \text{Gr}_n(T^{\mathbb C}_v(T_x M)),\qquad P^{(v)}(t) = \Phi_t{}_*(V_{\Phi_{-t}(v)}), \] where \(\mathcal L_v\) is the space of \(n\)-dimensional complex Lagrangian subspaces of \(T^{\mathbb C}_v(T_x M)\) and \(V_w \subset T^{\mathbb C}_w(T_{\pi(w)} M)\) is the complexification of the vertical subspace \(T^V_w(T_{\pi(w)}M) = \{z \in T_w(T_{\pi(w)}M): \pi_*(z) = 0\}\). They prove that: (a) there exist \(R> 0\) and \(\varepsilon > 0\) such that, for any \(v \in T^R M\), the application \(P^{(v)}\) admits a holomorphic extension to a map \(P^{(v)}: \{z \in \mathbb C: |z| < 1 + \varepsilon\} \subset \mathbb C \longrightarrow \mathcal L_v\); (b) the complex subbundle \(\mathcal H^{10} = \bigcup_{v \in T^R M} P^{(v)}(i) \subset T^ \mathbb C(TM)\) determines an integrable complex structure on \(TM\), which coincides with Lempert-Szöke's adapted complex structure \(J\). This result leads to alternative proofs of various known propositions and to a new characterization of the \( \mathbb C\)-valued functions on \(T^R M\) that are holomorphic w.r.t. \(J\).