Oscillation of Fourier transforms and Markov-Bernstein inequalities (Q872000)

In this paper it is shown that under certain conditions on an integrable function \( P: \mathbb R \rightarrow\mathbb R \) having a real-valued Fourier transform \( \widehat P \) with \( P (0) = 0 \) we have \[ r \geq {8^3\over \pi} \cdot {\| P'\|_\infty\over \| P\|_\infty}\Longrightarrow \int^r_{-r} (\widehat P)_{\pm}\geq {\sqrt{2\pi}\over 4}\| P \|_\infty . \] Here \( x_{\pm} = \max \{\pm x, 0 \}.\) This estimate yields that \( \widehat P \) has a zero in the interval \( [-r, r]\). Moreover, considering for a fixed function \(\varphi\) the space \[ E_n (\lambda ) := \biggl\{ \sum^n_{k=-n} b_k \varphi(x + \lambda k): b_k \in\mathbb R,\;k = -n, \dots , n \biggr\}, \] the above estimate allows the authors to construct a function \( P_n \in E_n (\lambda )\) for each \( \lambda > 0 \) and sufficiently large \( n \) such that \( \| P'_\lambda \|_\infty > c\| P_\lambda \|_\infty / \lambda \) with some constant \( c > 0 . \) This construction proves the sharpness of the above-mentioned inequality of \textit{H. N. Mhaskar} [Trends and applications in constructive approximation. Basel: Birkhäuser. ISNM. Int. Ser. Numer. Math. 151, 165--180 (2005; Zbl 1077.41011)]\ for Gaussian networks.