-compactness of some classes of integral functionals depending on vector fields

Abstract: In this paper we achieve some

G a m m a

-compactness results for suitable classes of integral functionals depending on a given family of Lipschitz vector fields, with respect to both the strong

L^{p} -

topology and the strong

W_{X}^{1, p} -

topology.

Review text

Let \(\Omega \) an open and bounded subset of \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) and \(\mathcal{A}\) the family of all open subsets of \(\Omega \). A class \(\mathcal{F}\) of non-negative local functionals defined on \(L^{p}(\Omega )\times \mathcal{A}\) satisfies the uniform fundamental estimate on \(L^{p}(\Omega )\) if, for any \(\varepsilon >0\) and any \(A^{\prime },A^{\prime \prime },B\in \mathcal{A}\), with \(A^{\prime }\Subset A^{\prime \prime }\), there exists a constant \(M>0\) such that for any \(u,v\in L^{p}(\Omega )\) and any \(F\in \mathcal{F}\), there exists a smooth cut-off function \(\varphi \) between \(A^{\prime \prime }\) and \( A^{\prime }\), such that \(F(\varphi u+(1-\varphi )v,A^{\prime }\cup B)\leq (1+\varepsilon )(F(u,A^{\prime \prime })+F(v,B))+\varepsilon (\left\Vert u\right\Vert _{L^{p}(S)}^{p}+\left\Vert v\right\Vert _{L^{p}(S)}^{p}+1)+M\left\Vert u-v\right\Vert _{L^{p}(S)}^{p}\), where \( S=(A^{\prime \prime }\setminus A^{\prime })\cap B\). For \(a\in L^{1}(\Omega )\) and constants \(0<c_{0}\leq c_{1}\) and \(c_{2}\geq 0\), \(\mathcal{I} _{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\) is the class of functionals \(F:L^{p}(\Omega )\times \mathcal{A}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\) such that there exists a Carathéodory function \(f:\Omega \times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R} ^{m}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\) satisfying \(c_{0}\left\vert \eta \right\vert ^{p}\leq f(x,u,\eta )\leq a(x)+c_{1}\left\vert \eta \right\vert ^{p}+c_{2}\left\vert u\right\vert ^{p}\). \(\mathcal{K} _{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\) is the class of functionals in \(\mathcal{I} _{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\) such that \(f(x,\cdot ,\cdot )\) is convex for a.e. \(x\in \Omega \). The first main result proves that for any sequence \( (F_{h})_{h}\subset \mathcal{K}_{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\) there exists a subsequence \((F_{h_{k}})_{k}\) and a local functional \(F\in \mathcal{K} _{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\) such that \(F(\cdot ,A)=\Gamma (L^{p})-\lim_{k\rightarrow +\infty }F_{h_{k}}(\cdot ,A)\) for any \(A\in \mathcal{A}\). For the proof, the authors first recall properties of the \( \Gamma \)-convergence and they prove some properties of \(\Gamma (L^{p})\)-limits within the class \(\mathcal{I}_{m,p}(a,c_{0},c_{1},c_{2})\). The authors define the class \(\mathcal{U}_{m,p}(a,c_{1},c_{2})\) of functionals \( F:W_{X}^{1,p}(\Omega )\times \mathcal{A}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\), defined through \(F(u,A)=\int_{A}f(x,u(x),Xu(x))dx\), where \(X=(X_{1},\ldots ,X_{m})\) is a Lipschitz vector field on \(\Omega \), and such that there exists a Carathéodory function \(f:\Omega \times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{ R}^{m}\rightarrow \lbrack 0,\infty ]\) satisfying \(f(x,u,\eta )\leq a(x)+c_{1}\left\vert \eta \right\vert ^{p}+c_{2}\left\vert u\right\vert ^{p}\) for any \((u,\eta )\in \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^{m}\) and for a.e. \(x\in \Omega \). The authors finally prove similar compactness results in the subclass \(\mathcal{V}_{m,p}(a,c_{1},c_{2})\) of functionals of \(\mathcal{U} _{m,p}(a,c_{1},c_{2})\) such that \(f(x,\cdot ,\cdot )\) is convex for a.e. \( x\in \Omega \), and in the subclass \(\mathcal{W}_{m,p}(a,c_{1},c_{2},\omega )\) of functionals of \(\mathcal{U}_{m,p}(a,c_{1},c_{2})\) which present an uniformity property in the choice of the family of moduli of continuity. Here \(W_{X}^{1,p}(\Omega )=\{u\in L^{p}(\Omega ):Xu\in L^{p}(\Omega )\}\) and the \(\Gamma (W_{X}^{1,p})\)-convergence is considered. The paper ends with some open problems within the present context.

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