scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1002088
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The paper deals with some variational properties of integral functionals depending on vector fields of the type \(X_j=\sum^n_{i=1}c_{ji}(x) {\partial\over\partial x_i}\), \(j=1,\dots,m\), with \(c_{ji}\) Lipschitz continuous. Given \(m\) vector fields of the above type, an open set \(\Omega\) and \(p\geq 1\) first of all anisotropic Sobolev spaces \(W^{1,p}_X(\Omega)\) defined as the sets of the functions in \(L^p(\Omega)\) such that \(X_ju\in L^p(\Omega)\) for every \(j=1,\dots,m\) are introduced. Then, given \(f:\Omega\times\mathbb{R}^n\to[0,+\infty[\) Borel, convex in the second group of variables and verifying \(0<\lambda_0|z|^p\leq f(x,z)\leq\Lambda_0(1+|z|^p)\) the functional \[ F_p:u\in L^p(\Omega)\mapsto\begin{cases}\int_\Omega f(x,X_1u,\dots,X_mu)dx &\text{if }u\in C^1(\Omega)\\ +\infty\quad\text{otherwise}\end{cases} \] is introduced and its relaxed functional \(\overline{F_p}\) in the \(L^p(\Omega)\)-topology is studied. It is proved that \[ \overline{F_p}(u)=\begin{cases}\int_\Omega f(x,X_1 u,\dots,X_mu)dx &\text{if }u\in C^1(\Omega)\\ +\infty\quad\text{otherwise}.\end{cases} \] If \(p=1\) an analogous study is carried out and the anisotropic BV space \(\text{BV}_X(\Omega)\) is introduced. In particular, the area type functional defined as \(u\mapsto\int_\Omega\sqrt{1+\sum^n_{i=1}|X_ju|^2}dx\) is considered. The relaxation results are obtained by proving a Meyers-Serrin density result in \(W^{1,p}_X\)-spaces and the analogue of the Anzellotti-Giaquinta density theorem in \(\text{BV}_X\)-spaces. Finally, a notion of \(X\)-perimeter for subsets of \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is proposed and a coarea formula in \(\text{BV}_X\)-spaces is proved.
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