3-nets realizing a diassociative loop in a projective plane

DOI10.1007/S10623-016-0176-9MaRDI QIDQ281299zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gabor Korchmáros, G. P. Nagy

Publication date 10 May 2016

Published in Designs, Codes and Cryptography (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.00242

zbMATH Keywords

3-netdiassociative loopLatin squareprojective planetransversal design

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Loops, quasigroups (20N05) Finite affine and projective planes (geometric aspects) (51E15) Other finite incidence structures (geometric aspects) (51E30)

Abstract: A extit{$3$-net} of order $n$ is a finite incidence structure consisting of points and three pairwise disjoint classes of lines, each of size $n$, such that every point incident with two lines from distinct classes is incident with exactly one line from each of the three classes. The current interest around $3$-nets (embedded) in a projective plane $PG(2,K)$, defined over a field $K$ of characteristic $p$, arose from algebraic geometry. It is not difficult to find $3$-nets in $PG(2,K)$ as far as $0<plen$. However, only a few infinite families of $3$-nets in $PG(2,K)$ are known to exist whenever $p=0$, or $p>n$. Under this condition, the known families are characterized as the only $3$-nets in $PG(2,K)$ which can be coordinatized by a group. In this paper we deal with $3$-nets in $PG(2,K)$ which can be coordinatized by a diassociative loop $G$ but not by a group. We prove two structural theorems on $G$. As a corollary, if $G$ is commutative then every non-trivial element of $G$ has the same order, and $G$ has exponent $2$ or $3$. We also discuss the existence problem for such $3$-nets.

Review text

A \textit{\(3\)-net} of order \(n\) is a finite incidence structure consisting of points and three pairwise disjoint classe of lines, each of size \(n\), such that every point incident with two lines from distinct classes is incident with exactly one line from each of the three classes. In the paper under review, the authors deal with \(3\)-nets embedded on \(\mathrm{PG}(2, \mathbb K)\), the projective plane over a field \(\mathbb K\) of characteristic \(p\geq 0\). It is well known that a \(3\)-net may be coordinatized by a loop. A \(3\)-net embedded in \(\mathrm{PG}(2, \mathbb K)\) with coordinatizing loop \(G =(G, \cdot)\) may be equivalently defined by a triple of bijective maps, \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma\) from \(G\) to the set of the three classes of lines respectively, such that \(a\cdot b = c\) if and only if the the three lines \(\alpha(a), \beta (b), \gamma(c)\) are concurrent in \(\mathrm{PG}(2, \mathbb K)\), for any \(a, b, c\in G\) (and one says that the \(3\)-net in \(\mathrm{PG}(2, \mathbb K)\) \textit{realizes} \(G\)). In this paper, the authors prove two structural theorems on the loop \(G\) realized by \(3\)-nets in \(\mathrm{PG}(2, \mathbb K)\), with \(\mathbb K\) an algebraically closed field.

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Cited in

(7)

• Commutative loops of exponent two and involutorial 3-nets with identity
• 3-nets realizing a group in a projective plane
• On small 3-nets embedded in a projective plane over a field
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